Browsing by Author "Amadi, A. N."

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Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purposes in parts of Minna Sheet 164, North-Central Nigeria
(Nigerian Association of Hydrogeologists (NAH) Book of Abstract, 2022-11) Ameh, I. M.; Ibrahim, H. A.; Amadi, A. N.; Dan-Hassan, M. A.; Omanayin, Y. A.; Abubakar, A. E.
Assessing groundwater quality for sustainable agricultural through irrigation farming cannot be over-emphasized. Groundwater quality assessment for irrigation purposes was carried out in part of Minna Sheet 164, North-central Nigeria. Borehole samples were collected from boreholes and sent to the laboratory for the following analysis; pH, total dissolved solid and electrical conductance, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium, carbonate, sulphate, chlorine and bicarbonate. The pH ranged from 6.5 to 7.4, total dissolved solids varied from 20.4 mg/L to 124.5 mg/L while the electrical conductivity varies from 32.5 µs/cm to 250.0 µs/cm. the concentrations of these physical parameters are important criteria for suitability of water for agricultural purposes as water with low pH, high values of electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids is not good for irrigation. Also, the results of the major cations and anions were converted to meq/l from mg/l and used to determine the following index properties for irrigation water; Sodium Adsorption Ration, Soluble Sodium Percentage, Magnesium Adsorption Ratio, Plasticity Index, Residual Sodium Bicarbonate and Kelly’s Ratio. The values of the computed irrigation quality parameters are within their respective allowable limit for good to excellent water for irrigation use. The study has established that groundwater resources within the study area are suitable for irrigation. It is therefore recommended farmers in these localities should be sensitized to explore groundwater resources in their domain through hand-dug wells or boreholes to supplement the short-lived rain-farming. This will ensure an all year-round farming and availability of farm products and guaranty food security in the state.
Bacteriological and Physico-chemical Analysis of Well Water from Villages in Edati, Niger State, North-central Nigeria
(International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 2014-03) Amadi, A. N.; Ameh, I. M; Ezeagu, G. G.; Angwa, E. M.; Omanayin, Y. A.
The physico-chemical and bacteriological properties of water from hand-dug wells from villages in Edati communities was evaluated in this study. The water samples were analyzed in accordance with the standard procedures for water analysis. The results of the physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis revealed that all the parameters were below the maximum permissible limit for a safe drinking water recommended by Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality except iron, manganese, E.coli and total coliform whose concentration in some locations were higher than the acceptable limit. The high iron and bacterial coliform may be attributed to the shallow well depth, distance to pit latrine/soakaway, improper well construction, inadequate of well lining and land use system in the area. The results obtained indicates that the groundwater quality of Edati fall between the maximum permissible limit of NSDWQ. It is therefore recommended that provision of hand dug wells and boreholes in this area should not be in proximity with the pit-latrines, septic and dump sites. Keywords:- Quality analysis, Well-water, Edati community, Niger State, Nigeria
Exploration of Groundwater within the Mariam Babangida Girls Science Secondary School Minna, NorthCentral Nigeria Using Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding Techniques
(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 2012-08) Momoh, O. L.; Amadi, A. N.; Abdulfatai, I. A.; Omanayin, Y. A.; Onoduku, U. S.; Onah, M.
A Geoelectrical investigation adopting Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding (VES) have been carried out to explore for groundwater within the premises of Mariam Babangida Girls Science Secondary School, Bosso, Minna, Niger State. This is with a view of to resolve the problem of acute water shortages experienced by the staff and students of the institution. The area lies within the basement rock complex of North Central Nigeria with biotite granite and muscovite granite constituting the main lithological units. The survey was carried out using ABEM SAS 300C Terrameter along five (5) established traverses with 40 m maximum electrode separation. The VES data were analyzed and interpreted through curve matching and the use of Resist software to obtain the geoelectric parameters. These were used in constructing the 1D geoelectric sections and the isopach map. The geoelectric sections revealed the presence of four geo-electric layers namely the top soil, the weathered layer, the partly weathered/fractured bedrock and the resistive bedrock. The contoured depth to bedrock contour map reveals a significant linear feature delineated by the VES as fractures beneath T2V7, T2V8 and T3V9 and is filled with clayey substratum except T3V9 that are characterized by clayey sand materials. T3V9 is therefore recommended for drilling and groundwater development to a depth of about 30 m. however, the groundwater potential of the study area is generally low.
Geological factors in civil engineering construction: the perspective of engineering geophysics using case histories from basement complex terrain of Nigeria
(Journal of Science and today's world, 2013-06) Momoh, O. L.; Olasehinde, P. I.; Amadi, A. N.; Asema, A. I.; Omanayin, Y. A.
Acknowledged factors of premature failure of most civil engineering construction include poor construction materials, bad design, drainage problems and usage factor. However, the foundation of civil engineering projects and its routes requires pre-knowledge of the subsurface geology that carries the load and hence the need for engineers to have adequate predesigned idea of the subsurface geology. While direct exploratory borehole drill for sample collection and insitu engineering tests are considered ultimate in this respect, the rich opportunities of geophysical tools in giving needed subsurface information cannot be over emphasized due to the combine high speed, relatively cheap and appreciable accuracy of the latter. Therefore, theoretical background of engineering geophysics and case histories from basement complex terrains of Nigeria are presented and discussed with respect to civil engineering constructions. Keywords: geological factors, engineering geophysics, civil engineering construction, basement complex
GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF PEGMATITES OF OGODO – ODOBOLA, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA: A STATUS REVIEW
(FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS), 2022-12) Omanayin, Y. A.; Waziri, N. M.; Onoduku, U. S.; Alabi, A. A.; Amadi, A. N.
Pegmatites are an extremely, coarse-grained igneous rocks of granitic composition, constituting of mainly large crystals of quartz, feldspar and mica. Their occurrence cut across various formations, but mostly around granitoids. They are known to host industrial, rare metals, exotic minerals and gemstones of economic value. Due to the continuous demands and recently discovered uses of some of these minerals, its continuous exploration can never be over-emphasized. Pegmatites occurrence in Nigeria were formerly confined to certain quadrants but resent research has proved they also exist in other zones too. Its occurrence in Ogodo-Odobola area is a recent discovery with scantily available literature. The Few available research work conducted on pegmatite of the Ogodo-Odobola area in Kogi State, North central Nigeria has been reviewed. The works focused on its feldspar content for economic value and the latter attempted the mineralization potential of the pegmatites. The area is revealed to be underlain by schistose and granitic lithologies and intruded by the pegmatite dykes of various dimensions. However, recent studies on granitic pegmatites have evolved just as the pegmatites, not only concentrating on their industrial potentials but also on rare metal mineralization potentials which presently are a key to unlocking the future technologically. A few of those relevant and recent studies in the field were also reviewed to bring forth new ways of dealing with this present world cake to geoscientists. White micas are a useful mineral for determining the degree of evolution in pegmatites. This was achieved in the research work using K/Rb ratios paired with incompatible elements such as Cs. Decreasing K/Rb and increasing Cs is a signs of increasing evolution. The modeling of fractional crystallization of white micas in pegmatites using these trace elements determined that the pegmatites are a result of 99% to 99.99% crystallization of a granitic melt. Keywords: Pegmatites, Ogodo-Odobola, White Mica, Kogi State, North Central, Nigeria
Geotechnical Assessment of Clay Deposits in Minna, North-Central Nigeria for Use as liners in Sanitary Landfill Design and Construction
(American Journal of Environmental Protection, published by Science and Education Publishing, 2015) Amadi, A. N.; Okunlola, I. A.; Eze, C. J.; Jimoh, M. O.; Unuevho, C. I.; Abubakar, F.
Abstract Sanitary landfills are waste disposal method that functions without creating nuisance to the environment. It confines waste to the available area, reduce waste to the minimum practical volume. The waste in a landfill reacts to release a cocktail of contaminants called leachate, which posses treat to the surrounding environment (soil and groundwater). Therefore, barrier soils are required for the lining of a landfill to prevent seepage of leachate into the surrounding groundwater and subsequent contamination of the groundwater system. Some clay in Minna was assessed using geotechnical techniques to determine its suitability as barrier soils. Five samples of clay were subjected to grain size analysis, atterberg limits, compaction tests and mineralogy test. From the grain size analysis and the atterberg limit, the soil is classified as a clayey material. The liquid limit ranged from 45.5%-61% with a mean value of 51.8% which is an indication of high plasticity and low hydraulic conductivity, the plastic limit ranged from 29.2%-35.8% with a mean value of 32.44% and its plasticity index ranged from 13.7%-25.2% with a mean value of 19.37% which implies that the clay can withstand volumetric shrinkage on drying and exhibit a low to medium swelling potential when wet. The compaction test reveal an optimum moisture content(OMC) ranging from 17.7% to 24% with a mean value of 19.94% and a maximum dry density (MDD) that varied from 1.59g/cm3 to 1.76g/cm3 with a mean value of 1.7g/cm3. This results of these geotechnical analysis suggests that the clay in the area meets the requirement for a barrier soil. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the presence of kaolinite dominated clay and mixed clay (kaolinite-illite). These minerals have the capability to attenuate and contain leachates from wastes. Hence, the studied clays are good barrier soils.
Hydrogeochemical Analysis and Potential Pollutant of Water Resources Around Ajaokuta Steel Complex, North Central, Nigeria
(Journal of Geography and Earth Sciences, 2014-06) Mamodu, A.; Onoduku, U. S.; Ako, T. A.; Abraham, S. U.; Amadi, A. N.; Omanayin, Y. A.
The citing of Ajaokuta steel complex near its major raw materials (Iron) has brought about economic development in Kogi State, Nigeria. As a result of poor management of industrial waste, the only River where most people in the community get their drinking water became polluted. The aim of this research is to determine the quality of water and its pollutant within the study area. In order to meet the objective of the research, both physical and hydrogeochemical analysis were carried out. The physical parameters determined indicated (on average), a Ph of 7.44, temperature of 27°C, electrical conductivity of 106.8us/cm and turbidity of 157.4 NTU. 20 water samples were analyzed using Flame analysis photometry and Atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The result reveals on the average: 1.227mg/l Na+ , 2.3 mg/l K+ , and 2.545mg/l Ca2+2.6mg/l NH4+ , 0.17mg/l Cu 2+ , 0.45mg/l Fe2+ , 0.4mg/l Cr3+ , 0.06mg/lMn2+<10, ug/l As3 . . There were gradual decreases in concentration in some elements as one move further away from the steel complex (inferred source of pollution). The reason for these decreases maybe due to distance from the source of pollution and seepage into the groundwater. Iron and manganese were found to be very higher when compared to World health standards. Dangote group of Company’s E.I.A report also shows higher concentration of Fe2+, Mn2+and Cu2+in plant tissue. Therefore, the research concludes that Fe2+ and Mn2+ were the main pollutants while a Cu 2+andCr3+arethe minor pollutants of water resources in the study area. The research also, preliminary concludes that poor handling of industrial waste may have contributed majorly to the pollution of water. Keywords: Ajaokuta, water, hydrogeochemical analysis, pollutant, Environmental Impact Assessment (E.I.A), industrial waste, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer
Integrated Geological and Geotechnical Properties of Subsoil for Shallow Foundation Design for M. I. Wushishi Housing Estate, Minna, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria
(Centre for Human Settlements and Urban Development Journal (CHSUDJ), Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2013-12) Omanayin, Y. A.; Abdullahi, I. N.; Amadi, A. N.; Momoh, O. L.; Abdulfatai, I. A.
A study of the geological and geotechnical properties of subsoil for shallow foundation design was carried out in the proposed site for the M. I. Wushishi Housing Estate in Minna, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria. The main aim of the research was to ascertain the lithological and structural characteristics of the study area in order to recommend the suitable shallow foundation design for the proposed building construction. The general geological mapping of the area revealed that the area is underlain by three lithologic units: Granite, Gneiss and Schist of Nigerian Basement Complex while the study area is predominantly underlain by Schist rock belonging to the Kushaka Formation. The principal joint direction in the area from rosette diagram is NW-SE. The area is generally low-lying and accessible through Eastern Bye-pass and Maitumbi road. The soil is heterogeneous when correlated laterally from trial pits. Both disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected and subjected to laboratory and sieve analysis. The liquid limit ranged from 12.00-37.00 with a mean value of 23.85 while the plastic limit varied from 7.27-30.73 with an average value of 17.17. The plasticity index varies from 1.79 to 15.13 with a mean value of 6.66 while the shrinkage potential ranged from low to medium. The maximum dry density ranged between 1.66-1.95 mg/m3 with the mean value of 1.81 mg/m3 while the optimum moisture content ranged from 8.70-21.37 with an average value of 15.16. The natural moisture content is in the order of 11.52-29.86 % with a mean value of 21.08 %. The particle size distribution curve shows that the area is sand dominated. Based on the field and laboratory results, shallow foundation (pad/strip) can be adopted for lightly loaded structures not exceeding an allowable bearing capacity of 150KN/m2 while deep/pile foundation are advocated for heavily loaded structures. Keywords: Foundation Design, Geological, Geotechnical, M. I. Wushishi Housing Estate, Minna, North-Central Nigeria
Water Quality Assessment around Kataeregi Artisanal Gold Mining Site, North-Central Nigeria
(Nigerian Society of Mining Engineers (NSME), Book of Proceedings, 2014) Omanayin, Y. A.; Ogunbajo, M. I.; Amadi, A. N.; Abdulfatai, I. A.; Mamodu, A.
Hydrochemical assessment was conducted on streams, mine ponds and hand-dug wells around Kataeregi gold mining site, along Minna- Bida road, North-central Nigeria. This was done in order to evaluate the suitability of water in the area for both domestic and irrigational purposes. Fifteen quality parameters: Temperature, pH, TDS, EC, SO4, NO3, HCO3, Cl, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Fe, As and Pb were analyzed. The abundance of the major ions was in order of Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Fe2+ for cations and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > PO43- for anions. The water was observed to be earth-alkaline fresh water, which is an indication of water from shallow aquifer system. The results of the field and laboratory revealed that the concentration of most of the parameters were below the maximum permissible limits for a safe drinking water recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) except for iron, sulphate and lead whose concentrations at some locations were slightly higher than their respective acceptable limits. The high content of iron and sulphate could be attributed to the oxidative weathering of pyrite associated with the gold mineralization in the area while high lead content observed in the area was due to the weathering and subsequent dissolution of galena, discarded by the artisanal miners during the exploration for gold.
Water Quality Investigation within the Neighbourhood of Kataeregi Artisanl Gold Mining Sites, North-Central Nigeria
(Journal of Information, Education, Science and Technology (JIEST), 2016-12) Omanayin, Y. A.; Ogunbajo, M. I.; Amadi, A. N.; Abdulfatai, I. A.; Mamodu, A.
Hydrochemical analysis was performed on water samples obtained from streams, mine ponds and hand-dug wells within the neighbourhood of Kataeregi gold mining site, located along Minna- Bida road in North-central Nigeria. The exercise is aimed at ascertaining the suitability of water from streams and hand-dug well for both domestic and irrigational purposes. The parameters analyzed for comprise of Temperature, Acidity – Alkalinity level (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, HCO3-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cu2+, Fe2+, As3+ and Pb2+. Geological field mapping show the area comprise of Migmatite-Gneiss Complex, Schist, Granite and Sandstone lithologies. The concentrations of Fe2+ and Pb2+ far exceed World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) prescribed limits for irrigation, portability and other domestic purposes. The high content of iron could be attributed to the oxidative weathering of pyrite associated with the gold mineralization in the area while the high lead content observed in the area was due to the weathering and subsequent dissolution of galena, discarded by artisanal miners during the exploration for gold. All water bodies in the area belong to earth-alkaline fresh water, which is an indication of water from shallow aquifer system.