Browsing by Author "Igwe, C. O."

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A Comparative Study of Compressed Earth Bricks (Ceb's) and Sandcrete Blocks for Building Construction
(Nigerian Journal of Technological Research (NJTR), 2017) Kareem, W. B.; Okwori, R. O.; Kagara, A. B.; Igwe, C. O.; Ayandokun, S. T.
This study examined the production and testing of sandcrete bricks and compressed earth bricks (CEB’s) with a view to comparing their strength and moisture content of materials used. Some units of sandcrete bricks and laterite bricks were made using machine vibrated sandcrete brick mould and hydraulic brick making machine respectively. The bricks were tested to determine their moisture content and compressive strength. The results obtained from the tests were compared with the specifications of Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (2006), Nigerian Building Code (2006), and Nigerian Industrial Standards (2000). The results indicated that the compressive strength of 300x150x170 sandcrete bricks varies from.1.3 N/mm² to 2.6 N/mm², as the curing age increases from 7 to 28 days. For laterite bricks, the strength varies from 1.0N/mm² at 7 days to 2.2N/mm² at 28 days. All the bricks produced satisfied the minimum requirements in terms of compressive strength, by all available codes, but the compressive strength of sandcrete bricks is higher than the CEB's. It was concluded that sandcrete bricks have better strength compare to compressed earth brick, more so compressed earth bricks (CEB's) absorb more water than sandcrete bricks, and:‘sandcrete bricks can be use as substructure (foundation unit). It was recommended among others that sandcrete bricks should be used for foundation of a building.
Adopting Economic Knowledge and Technology Driven Approach as a Means of Achieving Sustainable Economy
(5th International Conference of School of Science and Technology Education (SSTE), 2017) Igwe, C. O.; Chibuogwu, C. F.; Gana, C. S.; Akawu, L. A.
The driving forces of any economy is knowledge and technology. The pride of any economy is its sustainability. Consistent technological innovations will constitute the lubricant that eases the processes in any economy that can be sustained. Economic knowledge produces and engenders the lubrication of the technological knows-how which runs the economy for sustainability. This paper examines the roles of economic knowledge and technology driven approach in achieving sustainable economy. It also considers the barriers to sustainable economy as well as the benefit derivable from a sustained economy. It therefore recommends measures to be put in place if any meaningful economic development activity should take place in any society economic sustainability.
Analysis of personal entrepreneurial competencies possessed by students for establishing small and medium scale enterprise in FCT, Abuja
(Book of Proceedings of 1st International Conference of School of Science and Technology Education (SSTE), 2013) Owodunni, S. A.; Igwe, C. O.; Sanni, T. A.
This study investigated Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PEC) Possessed by technical College students for establishing small and Medium Scale Enterprise (SMEs). Two research questions and 2 hypotheses were developed for this study. A survey research design was used for the study. The population comprised of 234 students of Federal Science Technical College Orozo and Government Technical College, Garki in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. The subjects responded to 28-item questionnaires. The questionnaire was validated by 3 experts in entrepreneurship education from Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State. The reliability of the instrument was found to be 0.68 using Cronbach Alpha formula. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer and analyze the research questions, while the hypotheses were tested using t-test statistics at 0.05 level of significant. The study revealed that entrepreneurial competencies such as opportunity sensing, persistence, commitment to contract, risk-taking and information seeking among others are PEC possessed by technical college students in FCT. The findings also showed that PEC such as opportunity sensing, persistence, commitment to contract, risk-taking and information seeking, self-confidence, appraise the performance of the enterprise among others are being utilized by the student. The study further revealed that there was no significant difference between the mean response of male and female students on the PEC possessed by Technical College Student for establishing an enterprise. It was recommended among others that all the competencies discovered to be possessed by students in the study should be packaged and included in curriculum of Technical College programme. Teachers should assist students to identify their PEC for establishing an SME.
Assesment of Tasks and Procedures Necessary for Students Practical Work in Block/Brick Laying and Concreting in Technical Colleges in Niger State
(8th International Conference of School of Science and Technology Education (SSTE), 2021) Abubakar, T.; Abrack, Y.; Igwe, C. O.; Mohammed, B. M.; Atsume, B. N.; Audu, R.
This study was designed to assess tasks and procedures for practical work in Brick/Blocklaying and Concreting in Technical Colleges in Niger State. Three research questions were formulated to guide the study. One null hypothesis was formulated and tested at the probability of 0.05 level of significance. Thirty nine structured questionnaire items were developed and used for the study while three experts were engaged to face-validate the instrument. The instrument was pilot tested on 15 students and reliability coefficient of the entire instrument was 0.87. Research and design was adopted, the respondents for the study was 69 made up of 49 Building Technology Teachers, and 20 Registered Builders. The major findings of the study include among others that, some tasks has been identified appropriate for inclusion in the instrument for assessing practical work in Brick/Blocklaying and Concreting in Technical Colleges in Niger State. It was recommended that Brick/Blocklaying and Concreting teachers should be acquainted with the developed instrument to enhance uniform standard in assessing student’s practical work.
Assessment of National Project Health and Safety Plan Template Compliance by Building Con.struction Industries in Abuja Metropolis
(Journal of Information, Education, Science and Technology, 2021) Mohammed, U. K.; Igwe, C. O.; Kareem, W. B.
The study assessed the level of compliance with Health and Safely Plan on Scaffolding and Roof works in Building construction site in Abuja Metropolis. Two research questions were raised and answered as well as two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Study was conducted at building construction site in Abuja Metropolis. The population of this study comprised of 127respondentsfrom the selected registered construction companies in Abuja Metropolis. A structured questionnaires which contain 50 items was designed to obtain information from the respondents. The instrument was subjected to face and content validation by three experts, which include two in Building Technology Education, Federal University of Technology Minna, one from Niger State Ministry of Work and Infrastructural Development (MOWID). The reliability coefficient of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha formula and reliability index of 0.81 was obtained. The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation while ttest statistics was uséd to test the null hypotheses at 0.05level of significance. Base on the data analyzed the following findings among other revealed that erection of scaffold under the supervision of competent personnel are not complied with, erection of guard-rail and toe to a safer height at the opening site are not effectively complied with, precaution are not taken to effectively stop debris falling on to others working under the roof. Base on the finding it was recommended that, Government should provide appropriate inspection services and enforce the application of the Health and Safely Plan officers in order to ensure compliance by all building construction industries in Abuja Metropolis. Construction Company should appoint qualified personnel whose special and main responsibility is the promotion of health and safety at all Building construction site.
Assessment of the Healthy Indoor Environmental Quality Practices Adopted in three Star Hotels in Abuja
(Book of Proceedings of 8th Inter-Disciplinary Academic Conference of University of Ibadan, Conference Center,At: University of Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria., 2018) Isah, Y.; Igwe, C. O.; Owodunni, S. A.
The study investigated the healthy indoor environmental quality practices adopted in three star hotels in Abuja. Indoor environmental quality is one of the key dimensions of green building practices. The population of the study was 114 (89 facility managers and 25 registered builders). Two research questions were raised and two hypotheses tested at .05 level of significance guided the study. The instrument for data collection was a 20-items Questionnaire on Healthy indoor Environmental Quality Practices in Three Star Hotels (QHIEQPTSH) developed by the researcher. The questionnaire was validated by three building technology experts in the Department of Industrial and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State. A pilot test of the instrument was carried out in Lafia, Nasarawa State. The Crobach Alpha coefficient method was used to determine the internal consistency of the instrument and 0.80 was obtained as the overall reliability coefficient of the instrument. Data collected was analyzed and mean and standard deviations were used to answer the research questions while Z-test analysis was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed among others that 10 Healthy Indoor Environmental Quality Practices are presently adopted in Three Star Hotels in Abuja. It was also found that there is no significant difference between the mean ratings of facility managers and registered builders on the healthy indoor environmental quality practices adopted in three star hotels in Abuja. Based on these findings therefore, it was recommended among others that healthy indoor environmental quality practices should be adopted in other categories of hotels in Abuja in order to not only ensure the comfort and wellbeing of hotel customers, but to also preserve the environment.
Assessment of the Metacognitive Awareness and its Implication on the Technical College Students’ Academic Achievement in Niger State
(Journal of Information, Education, Science and Technology (JOEST), 2014) Owodunni, S. A.; Igwe, C. O.; Hassan, A. M.
This study assessed technical students’metacognitive awareness and its implication on their academic achievement in Niger State technical colleges. The study adopted a correlation survey research design. The population of the study was 188 National Technical Certificate (NTC) 11 technical students. Three research questions and three null hypotheses, tested at 0.05 level of significance, guided the study. The instrument used for data collection were Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) and Technical Drawing Achievement Test (TDAT). The inventory was validated by experts for use in Nigeria context. The trial test for determining the coefficient of stability of the instrument was carried out using 40 students in Government Science Technical College Garki, Abuja in the Federal Capital Territory. The reliability coefficient computed for the achievements test was found to be 0.088. Mean was used to answer the research questions. Kendall’s Tau-b correlation coefficient was applied for the measurement of correlation among/between the variables of interest, while t-test statistics was employed to test the hypotheses. The study found out that male students performed better than the female students in the achievements test and MAI subscales. The study revealed among others that urban students performed better than the rural students in the achievement test and MAI subscales; there was a link among internet usage, library habits students metacognition and student’s achievement performance of highly metacognitvely aware students was better on the achievement test than low metacognitively aware students; there was no significant difference between metacognition of male and female students and between urban and rural students. Consequently, it was recommended among others that the training of students should be focused on where they need support to develop their metacognition and that internet surfing and reading library books have good impact on metacognitive awareness.
Assessment of the Skill Acquisition Centers in Training Youths for self-Employment in Niger State
(Benue State University Journal of Education (BSUJE), 2017) Igwe, C. O.; Abutu, F.; Gana, C. S.; Nwokolo-Ojo, J. C.; Mohammed, M. M
This paper assessed the effectiveness of skill acquisition centers in training youths for self-employment in Niger State. The study was a survey research in which data were collected with the use of a 30-item questionnaire on a population of 158 respondents purposively sampled from National Directorate of Employment (NDE) skill acquisition centers for youth in Minna, Suleja and Bida towns. The data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation on a 4-point scale, while z-test was used to test the null hypotheses at.05 level of probability. Findings of the study revealed that a number of programmes are put in place in skill acquisition centers but faced several challenges in terms of effective implementation. The study found that the small amount of salaries paid to master trainers plus the irregularities and delay in payment reduces motivation to teach skills; poor monitoring, supervision and pedagogical competence in terms of instructional delivery of skills; poor funding and misappropriation of training funds plus disregards to the needs of the informal sector: are among the major challenges faced by skill acquisition centers in training youth for self-employment in Niger State. The study recommended standardizing programme implementation operations and certification at skill acquisition centers and adequate funding of NDE youth training programmes at all levels of governance in Nigeria.
Awareness and Engagement with Artificial Intelligence Technologies As Predictors of Undergraduates' Readiness in Building and Woodwork Technology for Construction Practices in Benue State.
(Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology Education, 2025) Nule, J. S.; Upwa, F. E.; Nwokolo-Ojo, J. O.; Tar, S.; Igwe, C. O.
Industrial paternalism has been a significant factor influencing the development of Vocational and Technical Education (VTE) in Benue State. This study examined the impact, challenges and strategies of industrial paternalism on VTE using a population of 431 (97 academics and 334 non-academics) VTE graduates registered with Technical Education Practitioners Association of Nigeria (TEPAN). Krejcie and Morgan table was used to arrive at a sample size of 205 respondents. A stratified sampling technique was employed to ensure a representation across different groups. A researcher developed 15 item questionnaire was validated, subjected to reliability testing using the Cronbach’s Alpha reliability technique which yielded a reliability index of 0.87. Data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer research questions while Inferential T-test was used to test the null hypotheses. The study revealed that industrial paternalism significantly impacts on VTE development in Benue State. The study recommended that: Government should review/update policies and increase funding that reflects current labour market demands and encourage industrial paternalism in Benue State, government and relevant stakeholders should adopt incentives and public awareness campaigns to improve paternalistic policies through tax breaks and government support and government at all levels should enhance collaboration between industries and educational institutions.
Competencies Needed by Electrical Technology Education Lecturers in the Use of Social Media for Research Activities in Tertiary Institutions
(Academic Journal Of Research And Development (AJORAD), 2018) Ibrahim, Y.; Owodunni, S. A.; Igwe, C. O.
The study determined the competencies needed by Electrical Technology Education Lecturers in the use of social media for research activities in tertiary institutions in North West Zone, Nigeria. Three research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population comprised of 63 respondents from University, Polytechnic and Colleges Education. The instrument used for the study was four points rated 33 item questionnaires. No sampling was carried out since the entire population of 63 was considered manageable. The instrument for the study was validated; pilot tested and Cronbach Alpha reliability found to be 0.87. Data collected was analyzed using mean, standard deviation and t-test at 0.05 level of significance using SPSS version 20. The study found out that Electrical Technology Education Lecturers (ETEL) need 26 competencies at different levels and magnitude while seven competencies were not needed. There was no significant difference in the mean ratings of male and female of ETEL on the competencies needed by ETEL in the use of social media for research activities. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that: management of each of the tertiary institutions should use the identified competencies needed to organize special training workshop for the ETEL in the use of social media for research activities,
Correlates of Examination Malpractice and Academic Performance of Secondary School in Obia/Akporand Emohua Local Government Arias of Revers State, Nigeria
(Journal of Research in Entrepreneurship Development (JORED), 2018) Ewe, C. U.; Onoh, B. C. E. C.; Igwe, C. O.
Examination as an indispensable tools used to evaluate education programme is supposed to be sacred. Unfortunately, this sacredness has been battered by Examination malpractice at various levels of education in Rivers State and Nigeria as a whole. The study correlated examination malpractice and academic performance of student at the Junior School level with particular preference to JSCE and SS1 students’ promotional examination. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at the .05 level of significance. The instrument used for data collections was pro-formas which are archival data obtained from the schools under study. The population of 21,586 students was studied. A simple random sampling technique was used. The sample size of 800 students was selected used Taro Yamane’s formula. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient (r). The major findings of this study were that significance relationship existed between the two variables studie (academic performance in JSCE and SS1 promotional examination of same students for a period of five years. Furthermore, the magnitude of the relationship per year of study has been average, low and/or very low, which signified a very weak relationship in general and a huge gap between the raw scores of individual students in Mathematics as a core subject. Base on the findings, it was concluded that examination malpractice is responsible for the weak relationship and the huge gaps identified that existed between students’ Mathematics score in JSCE and SS1 final results. Recommendations were that government should lay more emphasis on practical knowledge and experience rather than paper qualifications for employment of labour and re-introduction of moral instruction in schools, home and society as a whole.
Cross Job Transferability Skills Required by Technical and Vocational Education Graduates for Curbing Unemployment in Niger State
(4th International Conference of School of Science and Technology Education (SSTE), 2016) Raymond, E.; Ojeme, J. A.; Igwe, C. O.; Mohammed, A. S.
This study was designed to determine the cross job transferability skills required by Technical and Vocational Education graduates for curbing unemployment in Niger State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. A total of 50 respondents comprising of ten (10) Technical and Vocational Education lecturers in Federal University of Technology, Minna, twenty (20) Technical and Vocational Education graduates already working in Niger State, and twenty(20) employers of labour. Two research questions guided the study. The instrument for data collection was a five point scale questionnaires titled: Cross Job Transferability Skills Questionnaires (CJTSQ). Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. Finding revealed that: Appropriate expression of feelings, understanding and respect of the feelings of others; working effectively and productively with others; and defining and accepting individual and group roles and responsibilities are among the required transferable skills needed for cross job mobility of Technical and Vocational Education graduate. It was also discovered that redesigning programmes to include content that are vocationally oriented; and allowing students to discover and develop skills by themselves are techniques for improving the acquisition of cross job transferability skills of technical and vocational education graduates. It was therefore recommended that greater recognition and promotion of transferable skills to enhance flexibility in cross-occupational mobility should be encouraged in Technical and Vocational Education. Also, teachers and employment facilitators should help Technical and Vocational Education graduates recognize and understand their transferable skills.
Curriculum and Industrial Demand: A Tool for Industrial Efficiency
(Book of Proceedings of 7th International Conference of School of Science and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, 2019) Mohammed, U. K.; Katken, K. K.; Adamu, M. D.; Igwe, C. O.
This paper discusses the efficiency of the industry via proper design curriculum, the curriculum are more responsible to industry needs and provide the students with employable skills and positive work values needed to meet the changing demands of industries and global environment. The existed methodology is based on basics and current trends of the domain these curriculums developed only theoretical knowledge they won’t get any industrial based exposure to overcome this issue, the proposed methodology is based on education and innovative in the industry, current trends in the job market are also considered while developing the syllables. The paper submits recommendations on further enhanced strategies that will help in the development of education in line with modern trends in curriculum issues.
E–Learning resources and open education resources in Nigeria
(World Educators Forum, 2016) Nwokolo-Ojo, J.O.; Igwe, C. O.; Puyate, S. T
Effect of Practice Based Inquiry (PBI) Cycle on Students’ Psychomotor Achievement and Interest in Welding and Fabrication Engineering Craft Practice in Kano State
(19th Multi-Disciplinary Academic Conference, 2019) Muazu, M. Z.; Umar, Y. I.; Igwe, C. O.
The study investigated the effect of practice based enquiry cycle on students’ psychomotor achievement and interest in welding and fabrication engineering craft practice in Kano State. The Study had four objectives, answered for research questions and tested for null hypothesis at 0.05 significant level. A quasi-experimental, the pre-test, post-test, non-experimental control group design was employed for the study. Three technical colleges in Kano State were used. The sample for the study consisted of 160 National Technical Certificate II (NTCII) Students from two intact classes. The classes were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instrument used for the study was Welding and Fabrication Craft Practice Achievement Test (WFCPAT) and Welding and Fabrication Interest Inventory (WFII). Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) Formula was used for WFCPAT and Cronbach Alpha was used for WFII reliability coefficient of 0.88 and 0.80 respectively. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer research questions and ANCOVA was used to test hypotheses. The findings of this study showed that there was significant difference in the psychomotor achievement students taught welding and fabrication engineering craft practice using base enquiry cycle and those taught using demonstration method and there was no significant difference in the interest level of students thought welding and fabrication engineering craft practice using practice based enquiry cycle based on gender. The strategy therefore, was recommended to be used by the technical college teachers in the teaching of welding and fabrication engineering craft practice and metal work in general. Also, government should provide tools and equipment needed to teach the state-of –the –art of mental work in the technical colleges.
Effects of Low Income on the Standard and Quality of Residential Buildings in Kaduna State, Nigeria
(8th International Conference of School of Science and Technology Education (SSTE), 2021) Igwe, C. O.; Yayock, D. S.; Yayock, D. S.; Ibrahim, D.; Ayorinde, G. O.
This study examined low income and its effect on the standard and quality of residential building in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Two research questions were developed and answered while two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance and 100 degrees of freedom. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The entire population of 2,019 respondents consisting of 1,435 registered residential buildings and 584 builders in Kaduna State were used for the study. A 24 item structured questionnaire developed from the literature reviewed for the study was used to collect data from the respondents. Each questionnaire was divided into two categories of; reasons for acquiring low quality materials and curtailing the difference between low income and the standard and quality of residential buildings in Kaduna State. The "reasons for acquiring low income materials" had a four (4) response options of Highly Often (HO), Often (O), Moderately Often (MO) and Not Often (NO). The "curtailing the difference between low income and the standard and quality of residential buildings" category also had 4 response options of High Agree (HA), Agree (A), Moderately Agree (MA) and Not Agree (NA). The questionnaire items were face validated by three experts. The 2,019 copies of the questionnaire were administered on the respondents with the help of two research assistants. 694 copies of the questionnaire administered were retrieved and analysed. Weighted mean, standard deviation and Improvement Need Index (INI) were used to answer the research questions while t-test statistic was used to test the null hypotheses 1 and 2 respectively. The findings of the study revealed that low income has effect on the standard and quality of residential buildings in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The findings on hypotheses1 and 2 revealed that there was no significance difference in the mean ratings of the respondents (Residential Building Clients and Builders) on all the items on reasons for acquiring low quality materials and ways of curtailing the difference between low in come and it's effects on the standard and quality of residential buildings in Kaduna State, Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that theministry of urban and town planning should organised orientation/seminar from time to time to brainwash the residential building client on what is required at each stage of the housing value chain, from foundation footing to roofing and finishing, and from engaging locals from the communities, to building and improving the standard and quality of their residential buildings so that it will to be safe, resilient and sustainable. There should be a provision for an effective loan scheme, partial upgrading, effective urban development policy, and improvement of sanitary conditions and enforcement of housing and building codes.
Effects of mind Mapping Strategy on Achievement of Senior Secondary School Chemistry Students in Minna Metropolis
(Nigerian Journal of Educational Philosophy (NJEP), 2017) Gana, C. S.; Nmamdu, R. K.; Ibrahim, W. D.; Igwe, C. O.
Student in Minna Metropolis, Niger State. The research design employed was Quasi-Experimental design. Random Sampling Technique was used to select four senior secondary schools for the study intact classes with a sample size of 261 (179 male and 82 female) SS 11 Chemistry students was used. The research instruments used were the twenty items multiple-choice Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT) and Students Motivation Toward Chemistry Learning Questionnaire (SMTCLQ). The instruments were validated by experts. The instrument for data collection was CAT. The reliability coefficients of CAT was 0.81 using kuder Richardson (KR-21). Two research questions and two null hypotheses were raised for the study. Analysis of Covariance was employed in analyzing the data. The results showed that :( 1) students exposed to mind Mapping Instructional Strategy performed better than their counterpart that used conventional method; (11) there was no significant difference in the mean achievement scores of male and female students taught chemistry using Mind Mapping Instructional Strategy (MMIS). In conclusion Mind Mapping Strategy affects the student achievement positively. Therefore, it was recommended, among others, that Mind Mapping Strategy should be used in teaching chemistry at senior secondary schools.
Empowering Youth Through Technical and Vocational Education and Training for Economic Inclusion and National Security
(SCOA Heritage Nigeria Ltd, 2024) Ibeneme, O. T.; Igwe, C. O.
Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria in the 21st Century. Entrepreneurship and Innovation
(2017) Igwe, C. O.; Raymond, E.; Abutu, E.; Dantani, I. W.
Entrepreneurship Education Needed by Woodwork Technology Students in Tertiary Institution in Anambra State
(International Journal of Current Science, 2021-03) Nwanchukwu, A.O; Ohanle, R.C; Igwe, C. O.
The paper determined the entrepreneurial skills needed by woodwork technology education students to be self-reliant after graduation. The population of the study was 105, made up of 40 respondents in FCE (T) Umunze and 65 respondents in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Akwa. The entire population constituted the ‘ample for the study because of the manageable size. Three research questions were raised and two hypotheses were formulated that guided the study and tested at 0.05 level of significance. A fifty three (53) items instrument captioned entrepreneurship skills needed by wood work technology education students for Sell-reliance (ESNWTESSR), questionnaire was developed by the researchers and used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by three specialists and a pilot test of the instrument was carried out. A reliability co-efficient of 0.87 was obtained using cronbach alpha reliability method. Data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and z-test statistic. Findings revealed among others that woodwork “technology education students needed eighteen (18) entrepreneurship skills and most essentially needed 16 “out of the 18 skills identified by this study for self-reliance after graduation. There is no significance between urban and rural (Unizik and Umunze) respondents in their mean responses on the type of entrepreneurial skills needed by wood work technology education students for self-reliance. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that the current entrepreneurship curriculum be reviewed and updated to include the identified courses, of study in this research survey.