Browsing by Author "Khalid, Sayed"

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    Optimization of Cement-Based Mortar Containing Oily Sludge Ash byResponse Surface Methodology
    (Materials, MDPI, 2021) Kankia, Mubarak Usman; Baloo, Lavania; Danlami, Nasiru; Samahani, Wan Nurliyana; Mohammed, Bashar S.; Haruna, Sani; Jagaba, Ahmad Hussaini; Abubakar, Mahmud; Effa, Affiana Ishak; Khalid, Sayed; Zawawi, Noor Amila Bt Wan
    In the industries of petroleum extraction, a large volume of oily sludge is being generated. This waste is usually considered difficult to dispose of, causing environmental and economic issues. This study presented the novel experimental method of manufacturing mortar used in civil construction by cement and oily sludge ash (OSA). The defined method was described with a logical experimental study conducted to examine a feasible manufacturing method for casting cement-based mortars by partially replacing cement with OSA. Replacement concentrations for OSA ranged from 0 to 20 percent by cement weight, while the water-to-cement (w/c) ratio was varied from 0.4 to 0.8, and the amount of sand was kept constant. The strengths and absorption rate of the mortar were monitored for 28 days. The OSA contains a crystalline structure with packs of angular grains. Because of OSA in the cement-based mortar mixtures and water-to-cement ratios, the mechanical strength was improved significantly. However, the water absorption trend increased linearly. Using variance analysis, the influence of OSA and w/c ratio on the behavior of mortar was acquired. The developed models were significant for all p-value reactions of <5%. Numerical optimization results showed that the best mixture can be obtained by replacing 8.19 percent cement with OSA and 0.52 as a ratio of w/c.
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    Performance of Fly Ash-Based Inorganic Polymer Mortar with Petroleum Sludge Ash
    (Polymers MDPI, 2021) Kankia, Usman Mubarak; Baloo, Lavania; Danlami, Nasiru; Bashar, S. Mohammed; Haruna, Sani; Abubakar, Mahmud; Jagaba, AhmadHussaini; Khalid, Sayed; Isyaka, Abdulkadir; Ibrahim, Umar Salihi
    Petroleum sludge is a waste product resulting from petroleum industries and it is a major source of environmental pollution. Therefore, developing strategies aimed at reducing its environmental impact and enhance cleaner production are crucial for environmental mortar. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used in designing the experimental work. The variables considered were the amount of petroleum sludge ash (PSA) in weight percent and the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide, while the concentration of sodium hydroxide was kept constant in the production of geopolymer mortar cured at a temperature of 60 °C for 20 h. The effects of PSA on density, compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, drying shrinkage, morphology, and pore size distribution were investigated. The addition of PSA in the mortar enhanced the mechanical properties significantly at an early age and 28 days of curing. Thus, PSA could be used as a precursor material in the production of geopolymer mortar for green construction sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the influence of PSA in geopolymer mortar.