Browsing by Author "Salau, Rasaq Bolakale"

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Evaluation of Amino Acids in the Milk Preparations from Tiger Nut Rhizome and Its Mixed Varieties
(IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 2013-10) Salau, Rasaq Bolakale; Aminu, Muhammad; Bisiriyu, M. T; Bamidele, K. G; Bishir, Usman
The amino acid composition of yellow and brown tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) milk preparations and their mixtures were studied. The mixed variety was prepared by mixing equal proportions of the two varieties. The milk preparation was obtained by blending and subsequent expression of the milk.. Protein analysis started with the hydrolysis of the milk preparation with HCl for 23hrs, and the resulting amino acids were quantified with amino acid analyser (Technicom TSM-1). The % nitrogen for the yellow, Brown and the mixture are 3.72, 3.24 and 2.22, respectively. Arginine has the highest value of 15.87, 16.22 and 19.20 g/100g respectively conferring the same order of amino acid basicity. Methionine and tyrosine are the lowest (0.60 and 0.63, 0.68 and 0.48, 0.49 and 0.48 g/100g protein) respectively. Tryptophan is not prominently associated with the myriad of essential amino acids of tiger nut milk. It was not detectable in any of the varieties. The overall result of the study showed that tiger nut milk is a rich source of protein. It can also be consumed as a valuable substitute for conventional cow's milk and other known milk sources. The milk prepared from the mixed variety exhibited a synergistic effect as it combined some beneficial amino acids that either of the two varieties lacks.
Investigation of the Phytochemical and Nutritional Potentials of Locally Prepared Aqueous Extract of Sorghum Vulgare’s Stalk
(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 2015-12) Salau, Rasaq Bolakale; Aminu, Muhammad; Bisiriyu, M. T.; Momoh, B. A.; Bishir, Usman; Ahmed, Salisu
Sorghum vulgare is a beneficial plant whose stalks are still under-explored. The need to examine its nutritional and medicinal values becomes critical as its stalk decoctions are becoming widespread local drink preparations. Samples of sorghum (guinea corn) were obtained from six selected farmlands in Minna, the North central zone of Nigeria. They were dried, finely ground and kept as both whole and extract samples. Extraction by the decoction method was used. Proximate composition and elemental determinations were carried out on both sample types. Phytochemical screening was also carried out on only aqueous extract, which is the only form in which the local drinks are prepared and consumed. The proximate shows prominent contents of ash, crude fibre, crude fat and carbohydrate values of whole and extract samples value which are (3.00%, 15%), (36.47%, Nil), (16.00%, 11.50%), (32.41%, 73.05%) respectively. Similarly,, the mean load of major essential elements (Ca, Na, K and Mg) in mg/100g of the two forms showed (24.50, 40.30), (23.30, 15.70), (212.20, 142.90) and (14.00, 13.30). The mean load of trace essential elements: Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu gives (52.00, 25.00), (5.10, 5.60), (2.80, 2.70), and (0.70, 0.30), respectively. The aqueous extract showed a prominent presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, tannins and saponins,, while flavonoids were moderately present. The overall studies show that sorghum stalk possibly is not only capable of supplying nutrients but also could be a potential part of medicinal therapeutic formations.
Physicochemical and bacteriological evaluation of sachet water sold in Minna metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria
(International Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research, 2023-06-12) Mohammed, Ibrahim; Bisiriyu, Muhammad Taoheed; Salau, Rasaq Bolakale; Suleiman, Asmau Omowumi; Abdullahi, Hamidu; Ogbiko, Cyril; Rople, Gungshik John; Abdullah, Rabiat Lawal
Physical assessment of the package labels (product name, manufacturing address, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration (NAFDAC) registration number, manufacturing and expiry date and batch number on the labeling) and quality evaluation of the physicochemical and bacteriological properties of the water samples collected was assess and analyzed in relation to level of compliance with package water recommended standards. Four (4) clusters were considered in which three samples were collected from vendors in each cluster making up a total of twelve (12) samples. Physical examinations revealed 100% compliance to standards in terms of the product name, manufacturing address and NAFDAC registration number but zero percent compliance for manufacturing and expiry dates but only about 17% of the samples had a batch number on the labeling. The physiochemical parameters show appreciable compliance to standards with an ambient temperature of 28 °C, pH range of 6.5 to 8.5 and conductivity values ranged between 104.67 - 225.67 µS/cm still lower compared to the maximum range of 1000 µS/cm by Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS). Samples turbidity results recorded zero value for SWA1, SWB2, SWC3, SWE5, SWG5, SWH6, SWI7, SWJ8 and SWK9 except for sample SWD10, SWF11, and SWL12 with a turbidity of 2.00, 2.00 and 3.00 NTU, respectively and were still within NIS/WHO limit of 5 NTU. Total dissolved solids (TDS) values ranged from 70.20 - 171.67 mg/L but still within the threshold limit of 500 mg/L recommended by NIS. The bacteriological parameters gave total bacterial count (TBC) ranged between 1 - 16.50 cfu/cm3 accounting for SWB2=2.00, SWC3=1.50, SWD4=2.00, SWE5=1.00, SWF6=5.50, SWG7=4.00, SWH8=5.00, SWI9=13.00, SWJ10=8.50, SWK11=16.50,and SWL12=16.00 cfu/cm3 above the WHO limit of zero cfu/cm3 except SWA with 0.00 cfu/cm3 in conformity with the standard limit while TCC ranged from 1-1.50 cfu/cm3 for SWC3=1.50, SWD4=1.00, SWE5=1.00, SWG7=1.00, SWH8=1.50 and SWK11=1.50 cfu/cm3 which is all above the WHO limit of 0.00 cfu/cm3except six samples (SWA1, SWB2, SWF6, SWI9, SWJ10 and SWL12) having 0.00 cfu/cm3 accounting for 50% samples compliance with the tolerance limit. The concentration of Pb, Zn, Fe, and Cr in the samples was below the WHO/SON tolerant level of 0.01 mg/L for Pb, 5 mg/L for Zn, 0.3 mg/L for Fe and 0.05 mg/L for Cr except for samples SWF6, SWG7, and SWJ10 with Pb concentration of 0.04, 0.032, and 0.050 mg/L respectively, above permissible limits of WHO/SON. The corrosion of pipes used in the water processing may account for the Pb concentration hence, regular assessment of the sachet water products should be ensured by the regulating agencies to promote both water and health safety.
Quality Evaluation of Bottled Water Packaged within Niger State, Nigeria
(Nigerian Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2020) Bisiriyu, Muhammad Taoheed; Ganiyu, Mustapha Adekomi; Ogwuche, Nelson Edache; Koleola, Abidemi Adedayo; Salau, Rasaq Bolakale
Ten different brands of bottled water were procured from different regions of Niger State, Nigeria for this study. The labeling information, temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total hardness, chloride, alkalinity, lead, copper, manganese and iron contents of the water samples were determined using standard methods. The investigation revealed that the temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, chloride and alkalinity of the samples ranged between 26.5+0.50–28.0+0.00 oC, 6.20+0.09–7.33+0.30, 13.5+1.50– 317.5+1.50 µScm-1, 13-125 mg/L, 2.89 - 31.36 mg/L and 5-60 mg/L, respectively. Lead and copper were not detected in all the samples except SB10 with 0.01 mg/L of copper. Similarly, manganese was detected in six samples at concentrations between (0.02-0.08 mg/L) while iron ranged between 0.01-0.16 mg/L). The physical, chemical and heavy metals composition of the water samples complied with World Health Organization (WHO) and Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) permissible limits for drinking water except the pH of one sample (SB8) that was below the permissible limit. However, 60% of the brands had no manufacturing and expiry dates on their label as required by the Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Therefore, periodic evaluation and monitoring by concerned agencies should be intensified to ensure that bottled water producers in the state strictly adhere to the standard operating procedures