Chemical Engineering
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Chemical Engineering
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Item Physical Characteristics of Ukpor and Ahoko Clay deposit for use as industrial raw materials(Advanced Materials Research: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland, 2007-06-15) Eterigho, E. J.; Olutoye, M. A.The physical properties of some Nigerian clays were studied in order to determine their suitability for a variety of industrial applications. From the analysis, the specific gravity of Ukpor and Ahoko clays were 1.89 and 2.26 respectively and the Plasticity Index 26.05% and 22.45%, drying shrinkage was 18.90% and 8.2% and particle size distribution showed that the samples are clays. The results show that the physical properties of the clays are within the specifications for kaolin clays and are suitable for industrial usesItem Optimization of Operating Parameters in the Extraction of Caustic Potash (KOH) from Palm Kernel Bunch (An Agricultural By-Product) Ash(Journal of Applied Science and Education (JASAE), 2001) Eterigho E. J.Extraction of potassium hydroxide from palm kernel bunch ash was carried out at various temperatures and times. This paper therefore highlights the effect of temperature and time on the yield of potassium hydroxide from palm kernel bunch. It further optimized these parameters called operating parameters to get the best-fitted combination of temperature and time that gives the maximum yield of potassium hydroxide. The various data were used to form an objective function, with yield as dependent variable. The temperatures and times were used as the independent variables. The most suitable equation was selected based on regression analysis and optimized using the one-at-a-time method. The result shows that the optimum yield was 33.78% at 630.76°C and 9 hours 9 minutes for temperature and ashing period respectively.Item Canarium Shwelfurthll (Persley) A Source of Vegetable Oil(Journal of Applied Science and Education (JASAE), 2002) Eterigho E. J.Indirect leaching was used to extract oil from Canarium shwelfurthll (commonly called Persley fruit). The leaching was carried out in three stages at different particle sizes and time. From the analysis, particle size 0.250mm gave the highest yield, which are 31.50%, 37.80%, 42.30% and 42.38% at various time for the three stages respectively. The extracted persley oil was characterized. "The saponification value was 191.44, while the acid was 0.622, peroxide 10.42, iodine 86.04 and free fatty acid 1.41 respectively. The specific gravity and refractive index were 0.912 and 1.466 respectively.Item Formulation of Hydraulic Brake Fluid Using Castor Oil as A Base Stock: Physiochemical Properties of Castor Oil and the hydraulic fluid(Journal of Science, Technology and Mathematics Education (JOSTMED), 2002) Eterigho E. J.; Edoga M. O.Indirect leaching was used to extract castor oil from the castor beans. A hydraulic brake fluid was formulated by mixing the castor oil, solvents and other additives at various proportions using unifactor design approach. Both the castor oil and brake fluid was analysed to determine their physiochemical properties. Results show that the castor oil has high viscosities of 29.29Cst and 19.54Cst at 40oC and 100 oC , respectively, specific gravity of 0.927 at 30oC/30oC, acid and saponification values of 3.5 and 186.0 respectively. On the other hand, the best fitted formulation (Castor oil, solvent and additives) of hydraulic brake fluid has reduced viscosities of 19.54Cst and 2.33 Cst at 40°C and 100°C respectively. The flash and boiling points were found to be 124.25 and 220.05 respectively.Item Development and Characterization of Lubricating Oil from Petroleum Base Source (500N)(Journal of Science, Technology and Mathematics Education (JOSTMED), 2003) Kefas H. M.; Edoga M. O.; Kovo A. S.; Eterigho E. J.Lubricating oils were formulated from a petroleum base oil (500N oil) obtained from Nigerian National Petroleum corporation (NNPC) using simplex lattice design. Subsequently, the lubricant samples were characterized according to ASTM methods to define the following physicochemical properties: kinematic viscosity (at 40"C and 100°C), specific gravity, API gravity, viscosity index, flash point, pour point, total base number and appearances. The results showed that the samples were of the motor oil grades of SAE 30, SAE 40 and SAE and 20W50 based on their viscosities. Samples 5 and 6 of SAE20 and W50 grades were the best since they have specifications close to the acceptable standards world wide with viscosity indices of 126 and 124, respectively,Item Spent Zn-C Dry Cells as a Source of Manganese(Nigerian Journal of Engineering and Development (NJERD), 2004) Eterigho E. J.; Adediran Y. A.This paper presents a possible way of enhancing the availability of raw materials for our local battery industry. Spent Zn-C dry cells were collected pre-treated and subjected to various processes like grinding. leaching, and alkalization. The method used is called the hydrometallurgical method, which allows for easy separation of the various components of the spent cell Manganese, dioxide was extracted from the spent dry cells (Zn-C) and hydrogen gas was passed over it to produce manganese metal. From the process, 5.38kg/day of manganese was recovered. This shows about 91% of manganese recovered.Item Problems and Challenges of Synthesis of Zeolite and Zeolite-Like Micro-Porous Materials in Nigeria(The 1st Nigeria Conference on Zeolite at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria., 2006) Edoga, M. O.; Eterigho, E. J.; Kovo, A. S.; Ali, M. S.In the last few years considerable effort has been made targeted at the synthesis of zeolite and zeolite-like microporous materials with predetermined physicochemical and catalytic properties. However, the position of Nigeria in this global feat cannot be easily defined hence the need for this paper. The problems of zeolite synthesis in Nigeria were highlighted. This is due basically to the non-availability of equipment to conduct detailed analysis of the raw materials and product as well as lack of technical know-how in the area of zeolite synthesis. Also, the absence of common platform for zeolite scientists and technologist for cross fertilization of ideas is another set-back. In this paper, solution was also proffered which if well implemented will launch Nigeria into the amazing world of zeolite and its applications.Item Investigation into the Properties of Clay doped with Silver Ion for Use as a Catalyst(Journal of Science and Technology Research (JSTR), 2007) Olutoye, M. A.; Eterigho, E. J.; Agbajelola, O. D.The work on the investigation into the properties of clay doped with silver ion for use as a catalyst has been carried out. The clay sample from llorin from llorin, Kwara State, Nigeria was ground, sieved and calcined in a furnace at a temperature of 550- 600'C for a period of 6hrs. The sample was doped with silver ion using 0.2M of NaOH/NaCl Solution with 0.2M AgNO, in a ratio 2:1. The sample was than analyzed using X-ray fluorescence equipment (XRF) [Cement X-ray spectrometer, PW 1660, Philips X-ray Analyser) with a monitor. The following results were obtained 33.44% SiO2, 23.11% 1120g, 9.87% Fe203, 3.86% CaO, 1.98% MgO, 0.01% SO3, 0.87% K,0, 0.71% Na2O, 8.61% L.O.I, 3.03% L.S.F, 1.01S/R and 2.34% A/R for the calcined sample. While that of the doped samples are 33.15% SO2, 22.10 Al203, 9.23%Fe203, 4,44% CaO, 1.99% MgO, 0.04% SO3, 0.96% K2O, 8.10 L. O.1, 3.55 L.S.F, 1.06 S/R and 2.39 A/R. These results when compare with samples having catalytic properties was found to be suitable for use as a catalyst.Item Determination of the Kinetic Parameters in Adhesive Production(2008) Olutoye, M. A.; Eterigho, E. J.; Agbajelola, D. O.This work is aimed at developing a mathematical model to determine the concentration of Hydrogen Sulphide pollutant in air from the gas flare of a refinery. To achieve this, experimental data on concentration of Hydrogen Sulphide from Kaduna refinery and petrochemical company Nigeria were collected and the dispersion model was developed based on Gaussian distribution principle. The simulation of the model was carried out using visual basic programming. It was observed from the simulated result that the gas dispersion model developed for Hydrogen Sulphide showed a remarkable agreement with the dispersion pattern, and agrees with the experimental results with a correlation co efficient of 0.98. Thus, the model can be used to determine the safe distance for human habitation from an industrial area and the refinery in particular.Item Modelling of a Gas Absorption Column for CO2-NaOH System under Unsteady-State Regime(Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, 2008-01) OLUTOYE, Moses Aderemi; ETERIGHO, Elizabeth JumokeThe research work on the unsteady state behaviour of gas absorption column for CO2-NaOH system was carried out using the armfield gas absorption column. A model equation was developed by considering material balance around the system. The concentrations of the inlet and outlet liquid streams and the gas outlet stream varied as functions of time, while all other parameters, gas inlet stream concentration, and tank volume, were constant. Model equations were derived for the time dependent parameters and the model compared with experiments conducted for duration of 90 minutes showed that 0.2 gram mole/litre of NaOH solution reacts with CO2 to give 0.1 gram mole/litre of Na2CO3.This clearly shows that the results of experiments conducted were in agreement with the model results