Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://197.211.34.35:4000/handle/123456789/65

Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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A Face Recognition-Based Intruder Detection System for Automatic Door Control
(IEC, 2023-03-21) Abdullahi Daniyan, Michael O. Michael
In recent years, theft and unauthorized access to private areas in homes and communities has become a growing concern, leaving individuals feeling insecure about their lives and properties. To address this problem, this paper proposes a solution that features a facial recognition system to prevent entry by unauthorized individuals. The system uses an ESP32 Camera module and the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to capture and store facial biometric details through facial recognition techniques. The data is saved in a database that is accessible through a web interface enabled by HOTSPOT connection. The camera's Internet Protocol (IP) address also allows for live streaming as an added feature. An ATmega328 microcontroller on the Arduino IDE receives signals from the ESP32 camera, process the data and operate the door accordingly. When the ESP32 Camera recognizes a face, it sends a signal to the microcontroller to open the door. If the face is not recognized, the door is kept locked to prevent entry by intruders. The proposed solution effectively identifies intruders and those with authorized access but grants access only to authorized individuals in its database. This ensures a secure environment for homes and communities, providing peace of mind to individuals who have long been worried about theft and unauthorized access. Results demonstrate that the proposed facial recognition system is has been able to provide a secure environment for homes and communities by denying entry to intruders and granting access only to recognized individuals.
An improved resampling approach for particle filters in tracking
(IEEE, 2017-11-06) Yu Gong; Sangarapillai Lambotharan; Abdullahi Daniyan
Resampling is an essential step in particle filtering (PF) methods in order to avoid degeneracy. Systematic resampling is one of a number of resampling techniques commonly used due to some of its desirable properties such as ease of implementation and low computational complexity. However, it has a tendency of resampling very low weight particles especially when a large number of resampled particles are required which may affect state estimation. In this paper, we propose an improved version of the systematic resampling technique which addresses this problem and demonstrate performance improvement.
Building Upon NB-IoT Networks: A Roadmap Towards 5G New Radio Networks
(IEEE, 2020-10-13) Gbadamosi, Safiu Abiodun,; Hancke, Petrus Gerhard; Abu-Mahfouz Adnan M.
Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a type of low-power wide-area (LPWA) technology standardized by the 3rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and based on long-term evolution (LTE) functionalities. NB-IoT has attracted significant interest from the research community due to its support for massive machine-type communication (mMTC) and various IoT use cases that have stringent specifications in terms of connectivity, energy efficiency, reachability, reliability, and latency. However, as the capacity requirements for different IoT use cases continue to grow, the various functionalities of the LTE evolved packet core (EPC) system may become overladen and inevitably suboptimal. Several research efforts are ongoing to meet these challenges; consequently, we present an overview of these efforts, mainly focusing on the Open System Interconnection (OSI) layer of the NB-IoT framework. We present an optimized architecture of the LTE EPC functionalities, as well as further discussion about the 3GPP NB-IoT standardization and its releases. Furthermore, the possible 5G architectural design for NB-IoT integration, the enabling technologies required for 5G NB-IoT, the 5G NR coexistence with NB-IoT, and the potential architectural deployment schemes of NB-IoT with cellular networks are introduced. In this article, a description of cloud-assisted relay with backscatter communication, a comprehensive review of the technical performance properties and channel communication characteristics from the perspective of the physical (PHY) and medium-access control (MAC) layer of NB-IoT, with a focus on 5G, are presented. The different limitations associated with simulating these systems are also discussed. The enabling market for NB-IoT, the benefits for a few use cases, and possible critical challenges related to their deployment are also included. Finally, present challenges and open research directions on the PHY and MAC properties, as well as the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of NB-IoT, are presented to foster the prospective research activities
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Eccentricity Fault Classification in Salient Pole Synchronous Machine
(IEEE, 2024-03-22) Shejwalkar, Ashwin; Yusuf, Latifa; Ilamparithi, Thirumarai Chelvan
The paper performs a comparative study of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for the classification of Static Eccentricity (SE) and Dynamic Eccentricity (DE) faults in a Salient Pole Synchronous Machine (SPSM). The SPSM was subjected to varying SE and DE severities, unbalanced source voltages, and load conditions. Stator and field current data were measured, and various time-domain and frequency-domain features were extracted from the above-mentioned data. Both networks were fed these features and compared based on classification accuracy, robustness, and computational complexity.
Comparative Analysis of Macro Femto Networks Interference Mitigation Techniques
(IJWMT, 2022-12-20) Katfun Philemon Dawar; Abraham U. Usman; Bala Alhaji Salihu; Michael David; Supreme Ayewoh Okoh; Ajiboye, Johnson Adegbenga
When interference is reduced, the benefits of using a macrocell and femtocell heterogeneous network (Macro-Femto) heterogeneous network (HetNet) can be increased to their full potential. In this study, Enhanced Active Power Control (EAPC), Active Power Control (APC), and Power Control (PC1) interference mitigation strategies are applied, and their performances in uplink and downlink transmission of 5G Non-Stand-Alone (NSA) architecture are compared. According to the findings of a MATLAB simulation, the EAPC technique utilized a lower amount of transmit power for the Macro User Equipment (MUE), the Home User Equipment (HUE), and the femtocell logical node (Hen-gNB), in comparison to the APC and PC1 techniques. While PC1 approach required less en-gNB transmission power. The MUE, HUE, hen-gNB, and en-gNB throughput of the EAPC approach was much higher. This work will enable wireless system designers and network engineers know the appropriate technique to utilize to achieve desired Quality of Service (QoS) while conserving network resources
Data association using game theory for multi-target tracking in passive bistatic radar
(IEEE, 2017-06-20) Yu Gong; Abdullahi Daniyan; Abdulrazaq Aldowesh; Sangarapillai Lambotharan
We investigate a game theoretic data association technique for multi-target tracking (MTT) with varying number of targets in a real passive bi-static radar (PBR) environment. The radar measurements were obtained through a PBR developed using National Instrument (NI) Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). We considered the problem of associating target state-estimates-to-tracks for varying number of targets. We use the sequential Monte Carlo probability hypothesis density (SMC-PHD) filter to perform the multi-target tracking in order to obtain the target state estimates and model the interaction between target tracks as a game. Experimental results using this real radar data demonstrate effectiveness of the game theoretic data association for multiple target tracking.
Deployment of an Electronic-based Approach for Fruits Juice Ingredient Analysis
(International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG) Landmark University, 2024-04-04) Kufre Esenowo Jack; Lanre Joseph Olatomiwa; Yahaya Asizehi Enesi; Grace Idowu Olaleru; Nnaemeka Emmanuel Ugwuogor; Babawuya Alkali
This paper considers the deployment of an electronic-based fruits juice ingredient analysis. Most of the fruits juice products available in the market now contain water in large quantities than the active ingredients. This design attempts to respond to the end user's complaints. By putting on this design, it is expected to serve as a quality check and control for our teeming enterprising fruit substance producers. The system was designed and simulated using proteus and implemented using hardware electronic components. The system uses an infrared transmitter, fruit sample handler, and infrared receiver to realize its design. The instrument was calibrated with natural pineapple juice with 60% of water content. The outputs of this device were displayed using a cathode ray oscilloscope and voltmeter respectively. Five different samples of fruit juice were analyzed namely: A, B, C, D, and E. Results showed that all fruit juice contains a reasonable quantity of water which is not regarded as an adulteration since it is the natural content of the fruit. However, water content above 60% may be considered as much. It is recommended that fruit juice producers employ this system for their quality and control checks. Moreover, further research should take into consideration, the colour and viscosity of different fruit juices with a view to seeing how the system can analyze them, while the output should incorporate a microcontroller for an intelligent analysis and digital display.
Design and Implementation of Real Time Internet of Things (IoT) Enhanced Irrigation System
(El-Amin University Journal of Computing (EAUJC), 2024-04-01) J. A. Ojo; Ajiboye, Johnson Adegbenga; M. A. Ajiboye; D. J. Ajiboye; H. O. Ohize; A. A. Isa
Irrigation is a practice that has existed for a long time. Irrigation is the process of supplying water to the soil during drought or unfavourable weather conditions. Over the years, irrigation practices have evolved in order to eliminate the risk of manual irrigation. This risk includes over irrigation, under irrigation, erosion among others. Modern irrigation practices aim to reduce these problems by incorporating sensor technology, Internet of Things (IoT) and automations. The aim of this work is to design and a Real-Time IoT enhanced irrigation system which utilizes data about the condition of the environment to automate the irrigation process. This system makes use of soil moisture sensor, a rain sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor to capture real time environmental data and makes logic decisions based on the collected data. An ESP 32 microcontroller functions as the brain of the system by collecting data from the sensors and controlling the pump accordingly. The system also employs lot technology using Arduino Cloud loT platform in order to provide remote accessibility. The experimental evaluation involved subjecting the irrigation system to two distinct soil conditions; one dry and the other wet. The results demonstrate the functionality of the system: when rain sensor readings fall below the set threshold of 30% and soil moisture sensor readings drop below 15%, the irrigation pump is activated to compensate for the lack of rainfall and soil moisture. Furthermore, the system responds to environmental conditions, activating the pump for an extended period when relative humidity is below 60% and the temperature exceeds 25°C. Conversely, when the soil is already wet, indicated by high soil moisture sensor readings, the pump remains permanently turned off. This automated irrigation system showcases the potential to optimize water usage and enhance efficiency in response to dynamic environmental factors.
DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL METRICS FOR INDIVIDUALS AND PAIR PROGRAMMERS AMONG SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS IN AN AGILE ENVIRONMENT
(2023) Ajiboye M.A; Ajiboye, Johnson Adegbenga; Audu W.M; Ajiboye D.J; Ohize H.O; Majin R.N; Abolarin M.S
In this work, maintainability as a function of time to correct codes was examined among various categories of software developers. Deliberate errors, ranging from two to ten, were introduced into sets of agile codes written in python programming language and given to 100 programmers each in the groups of Individual Junior, Individual Expert, Random, Expert pairs, junior pairs and Junior Expert pairs. The time spent to correct the errors was analysed using regression model for prediction. Bivariate correlation was used to check the relationships between the number of bugs in projects and the time spent to correct the errors. The correlation between the number of bugs and time of debugging was highly significant, strong and positive. This revealed that the time spent in correcting system software errors increased significantly as the number of bugs increased. Linear, logarithmic, inverse, quadratic, cubic and exponential regression models were used to generate metrics with time spent on error as dependent variable and number of bugs as independent variable for each of the pair and individual programmers. On the average, cubic model gave the highest R2 value of 0.639 in comparison to other models. Therefore, Cubic model gave the best fit as it explains the patterns of the relationship between the dependent and independent variable most appropriately.
Development of Non-Parametric Noise Reduction Algorithm for GSM Voice Signal
(ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD), 2018-12-31) Gbadamosi, Safiu Abiodun,; AIBINU, Musa Abiodun ,; ONUMANYI, Adeiza James
Speech enhancement in Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is an area of engineering that study different kinds of techniques used in enhancing GSM voice signals. The presence of noise in GSM degrades the quality and intelligible of speech which impedes speaker identification and sound clarity. In this paper, non-parametric noise reduction algorithm which incorporates an adaptive threshold technique is proposed to estimate the adaptive threshold value as a function of first and second order statistics of the voice signal. It uses the cumulative value of minimum mean and maximum standard deviation value and minimum (mean and standard deviation) to minimize the effect of impairments introduced by background noise and GSM channels. The algorithm was implemented in MATLAB environment. The results obtained indicate correlation coefficients of 53.93% and 45.52% for maximum and minimum threshold value at 2.95 standard deviation of noise and 77.93% and 75.83% for maximum and minimum threshold value at 0.25 standard deviation of noise, respectively. Evaluation of the proposed algorithm was performed on real noisy voice signal and a correlation of 92.15% and 89.24% was achieved for both maximum and minimum threshold values with mean square error of 0.0011% and 0.00033%, respectively. These results have proven the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The threshold values have satisfied perfect noise reduction when the mean and standard deviation values are selected properly
DSP in Communication Engineering - A Review
(I3C 2024, 2024-04-22) Ajiboye, Johnson Adegbenga; Jiya Z.J; Paul M.; Ajiboye M.A; Ajiboye D.J; Majin R.N
This paper provides a comprehensive review of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) in communication engineering, elucidating its fundamental principles, practical applications, and recent advancements. Beginning with an overview of DSP's distinguishing features and historical evolution, the paper delineates its pivotal role in processing real-world signals, including speech, image, and seismic data. Furthermore, the introduction of Software Defined Radio (SDR) is examined, underscoring its transformative impact on communication systems by enabling dynamic spectrum access and multi-standard operation through DSP algorithms. Additionally, the emergence of Quantum Signal Processing is explored, highlighting its significance in secure communication through Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Quantum Error Correction. Despite the benefits offered by DSP, challenges such as computational complexity and signal distortions are addressed, emphasizing the need for advanced techniques and algorithms to mitigate these issues. Ultimately, this paper elucidates DSP's enduring relevance and innovation in shaping the future of communication engineering.
Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) in Wireless Cognitive Radio Networks (WCRN)
(2013-02-01) Ajiboye, Johnson Adegbenga; Yinusa Ademola Adediran; Mary Adebola Ajiboye
Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) is a technology that senses the unused 'free' but allocated portion of the radio frequency spectrum on a non-interfering basis. These unused bands are also known as 'holes' or 'white spaces'. DSA also refers to the time-varying, flexible usage of parts of the radio spectrum under consideration of regulatory and technical restrictions. This type of spectrum access is due to the dynamic behavior that the Secondary User (SU) must employ in order to access the spectrum, while avoiding interfering with a Primary User (PU). Intelligent or Cognitive Radio (CR) is a platform on which the DSA can be implemented. CRs are radio systems that autonomously coordinate the usage of spectrum. They utilize radio spectrum when it is not being used by incumbent (primary) radio systems. Underutilized spectrum can be exploited with the concepts of DSA and CR. This paper reviews the techniques that can be deployed for DSA reliably in a Wireless Cognitive Radio Network (WCRN) and models of network architecture-based DSA in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN).
Electromagnetic field analysis of a single-phase induction motor based on finite element method
(3rd International Engineering Conference (IEC 2019) Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2019-05-06) Omokhafe J. Tola; Edwin A. Umoh; Enesi A. Yahaya; Chika Idoko; Ayo Imoru
Electric motors are critical components of Electric drives systems, and their performance efficiency has consequences for the fidelity of electric drives and control. This paper presents an analysis of the electromagnetic field of a single-phase induction motor based on two-dimensional finite element method. The developed model of the machine was used to study its performance characteristics at different speed conditions, a view to affirm the accuracy of the specifications of the motor. The motor losses were analyzed and the transient results revealed the losses and a start-up time of 0.07 second with low pulsation at steady state. This implies the specifications are accurate. Therefore, the developed model has possibilities of applications in power system generating systems and industrial plants.
Enhanced Kinetochore Detection During Mitotic Human Cell Division using CFAR
(IEEE, 2024-10-11) Abdullahi Daniyan; Alessio V. Inchingolo; Andrew McAinsh; Nigel Burroughs
In this paper, we present an innovative application of the Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) algorithm, traditionally utilized in radar signal processing, to enhance the accuracy and reliability of kinetochore (KT) tracking in live-cell lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM) imaging of human cells during the mitotic phase of cell division. Fluorescently labelled KTs appear as spots in diffraction-limited light microscopy. Traditional KT detection methods, such as adaptive thresholding, often struggle with the dynamic and noisy backgrounds of cells, leading to less efficient KT identification. By adapting the CFAR algorithm to the specific challenges of KT detection in 3D, we present a method that offers improved precision and stability in detecting KTs across different stages of mitosis. The performance of the CFAR-KT method was rigorously compared to the adaptive thresholding approach across a cohort of 31 cells, with results highlighting CFAR-KT’s enhanced detection efficiency. Despite a slightly lower mean detection count compared to the adaptive method, the CFAR-KT method achieved lower false positives and a higher success rate in tracking KTs over the duration of the cell division process, underscoring its effectiveness in capturing the dynamics of KTs.
Evaluation of Speech Quality Based on QoS Key Performance Index (KPI): A Survey.
(International Engineering Conference (IEC), 2017-06-13) Gbadamosi Safiu Abiodun,; Maliki D.
The utmost contest between cellular operators have left the customers highly selective with the quality of speech based on the quality of service (QoS) experienced. In order to quantitatively and qualify the network performance based on speech quality, different key performance indicators (KPI) used, are classified to aid data collection independently of the cellular providers. In this paper, a survey of different techniques of KPI data collection methods that are used to reduce impairment as its affect speech are discussed and classified according to their operational mode. It provides a detailed report about the perceptuality of speech quality and its statistical expectation of the network. Each of these techniques has its advantages and disadvantages as applied to underscore the network performance from a user’s point of view. These techniques evaluate degradation caused by various impairments in cellular networks. It is our hope that, if user get hold of these applications, it will go a long way to keep cellular operators on their toes.
Generation of Random Numbers for Data Security Applications
(7th Annual Engineering Conference, 2006-06-28) Usman A.U; Ajiboye, Johnson Adegbenga
In this age of Electronic connectivity, the issue of data security is becoming more and more of great concern. The growth in computer systems and their interconnections via networks has increased the dependence of several organizations and individuals on information stored and communicated using these systems. Hence, there is need for data and resources to be well protected to guarantee its authenticity and to protect systems from network-based attacks. Cryptography and network security have matured, leading to the development of practical, readily available applications to enforce network security. This work covered a review of the concept of randomness with the stringent randomness requirement in data security systems giving particular attention to the Blum-Blum-Shub random number generator.
Glare Stopper: The Automatic Car Headlight Management System
(2023-03-22) Abdullahi Daniyan, Samuel S. Ilupeju
The growing number of vehicles on roads calls for increased safety considerations, especially during night driving. A common issue is the misusage of high beam headlights, which can cause light glare for opposing drivers due to the high intensity beam a driver receives from oncoming vehicles. This is called the Troxler Effect. This is a safety critical issue given that the human eyes are very sensitive to light, and when eyes suddenly encounter high intensity light, one’s vision get temporarily affected and require some time to recover the vision. During this vision recovery window, the vehicle has covered some distance which could increase the likelihood of an accident occurring. To address this, we propose an automatic car headlight management system that adjusts a vehicle’s headlights based on light intensity of oncoming vehicles. The system utilizes an Arduino Uno microcontroller and an LDR sensor installed on the driver's side to detect light levels of at least 700 lumens. The microcontroller then sends a command to a relay, which switches the headlights from high beam to low beam. Results demonstrate effective performance of the proposed system in terms of achieving faster switching time and consuming lower power.
Harmonic Reduction Using Fractional Pitch Winding
(3rd Biennial Engineering Conference, Federal University of Technology, Minna. Nigeria, 2013-05-16) Enesi Asizehi Yahaya; Mark Nwohu; Henry Ohize; O. Imoru; Usman N. Galadima
The power source and the nonlinear loads on transmission line are major sources of harmonics and if these harmonics are not controlled, they could lead to heat loss, break down of machines and reducing the efficiency of any machine connected to the supply. The non-sinusoidal currents from the power source increase harmonic contents in the air gap of electrical machines with pole pitch winding which will lead to excessive losses, vibration and noise. This paper presents the use of fractional pitch winding technique for the stator of three phase motor for the purpose of suppressing harmonics. This is investigated between two windings of pole pitch and short-pitch and the results simulated using Emetor Electric Motor software.
MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER IN NIGERIA
(International Conference on Information Systems and Management Science, 2018) Ajiboye, Johnson Adegbenga; Mary Adebola Ajiboye; Misra Sanjay
Non-intrusive noise reduction in GSM voice signal using non-parametric modeling technique
(International Engineering Conference (IEC), School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, FUT Minna, 2015-06-15) Gbadamosi Safiu Abiodun,; A. M. Aibinu,; O.C.Ugweje,; A. J Onumanyi ,; E. N Onwuka,; M. Aderinola
Noise degrades the quality and intelligibility of speech. It impedes speech clarity, coding, recognition and speaker identification. To mitigate noise effect and improve speech quality, we propose Non-parametric modeling technique along with a Non-intrusive signal denoising system based on short time Fourier transforms. This paper aims to establish only the idea behind our proposed algorithm, however, we present argument to justify that our results will reduce an end to end acoustic background noise; improve quality of speech for both the speaker and the listener and eventually increase throughput. Ultimately, users’ will be able to call and receive calls in a noisy environment while enjoying clarity of voice.