Animal Biology

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Animal Biology

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Prevalence of protozoan parasites in some freshwater fishes of Dangana Lake Lapai, Niger State Nigeria
(International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry 2020; 5(2): 13-16, 2020) Mohammed Yakubu Manbe; Adamu Kabir Mohammed; Ismail Abdulfatai; Umar Muaz; Kanki Hussaini
Prevalence of protozoan parasites in some freshwater fishes of Dangana Lake Lapai were studied. A total of 184 fish from four (4) species were examined for ecto-parasites in the lake which were Clarias gariepinus (55), Tilapia zilli (51), Oreochromis nilocticus (41), and Leptocypris nilocticus (37). The parts of the fish that were examined are gills, skin, and fins. In all, 5 different protozoan parasites were isolated from the fish samples examined. The overall prevalence of protozoan parasites in sampled fishes was 84.76%. The percentage incidence revealed that Clarias gariepinus recorded 23.36%, Tilapia zilli, 22.28%, Oreochromis nilocticus, 20.10%, and Leptocypris nilocticus and 19.02% incidence. Five (5) species of protozoan parasites were encountered namely Ichthyobodo sp Gyrodactylus sp. Trichodina sp Caprina sp. and Microsporideans sp. The study revealed high protozoan prevalence from the study area
Assessment of some physicochemical parameters of Moussa stream, Bida, Niger State Nigeria
(Journal of Public Health and environmental Pollution, 2020-09) Mohammed, Y. M.; Arimoro, F. O.; Ayanwale, A. V.; Adamu, K. M.; Ismail, A.; Umar M.; Kanki, H.
The physicochemical characteristics of Moussa stream were studied monthly from January to August 2017 using standard methods and procedure. The results from the stream showed that water Temperature (24.9-27.5 C), Depth (14.7-45.8cm), Flow velocity (0.14-0.23 m/s), pH (6.33-8.6), Dissolved oxygen (3.10- 10.00 mg/L), Biochemical oxygen demand (2.0-7.0 mg/L), Turbidity (61-285NTU), Conductivity (20-63 µ/cm), Alkalinity (8-30 mg/L), Nitrate (0.87-3.85 mg/L), Phosphate (0.31-1.01mg/L) and Sodium (0.9- 13.5mg/L). All the physicochemical parameters were within the maximum permissible limit except Dissolved Oxygen (3.1-10 mg/L). All the parameters showed no significant difference (p>0.05) among all the sampling stations except depth and flow velocity which differed significantly (p<0.05) among all the sampling stations. Similarly temperature, depth and flow velocity showed no significant difference among sampling season. pH, DO, BOD, turbidity conductivity alkalinity, Nitrate Phosphate and Sodium differed significantly among sampling seasons. The deteriorating water quality were implications of pollution stress caused by different anthropogenic activities.
In vivo Antioxidant and Hepato-Protective Properties of Stem Bark Methanol Extract of Vitex doniana
(Advance Research in Life Science, 2020-10) Simon, C. Mai lafiya; Sheridan, O. Kolawole; Abdulazeez, K. Adeniyi,; Bala, A. Muhammed; Abdulfatai, Ismail; Adenine, R. Alawode; Bashir, Lawal
The harmful effects that accompany the use of orthodox antioxidant medicine have necessitated the hunt for inherent antioxidants from plants extracts. In the present study, the in vivo antioxidant and hepato-protective activities of Vitex doniana against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in albino rats were investigated. The hepatoprotective activities of the methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark were compared with Silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug. Twenty-five (25) male albino adult rats were grouped into five (5) each. Group 1 and 2 was used as the normal and negative control respectively. Group 3-5 were treated with 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark and 100 mg/kg Silymarin respectively. Results indicated that elevated levels of serum ALT, AST and ALB, and reduced serum SOD, GST and CAT in CCl4-hepatotoxic rats was an evidence of impairment in liver function. Administration of methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and standard control drug Silymarin (100 mg/kg) have no significant (P>0.05) effect on CCl4- induced elevations of the ALT and AST levels while the reduction in albumin concentration, total proteins, SOD, GST and CAT due to CCl4 was reversed. In conclusion, Vitex doniana exhibited significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in CCL4 induced liver damage in rat, and thus could be used and incorporated in the development of new and effective antioxidant drugs.
In-silico investigation of curcumin drug-likeness, gene-targets and prognostic relevance of the targets in panels of human cancer cohorts
(GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021, 14(01), 037–046, 2021) David B Oshevire; Aishatu Mustapha; Blessing U. Alozieuwa; Hassana H. Badeggi; Abdulfatai Ismail; Opeyemi N. Hassan; Peter I Ugwunnaji; Jonathan Ibrahim; Bashir Lawal; Eustace B. Berinyu
Despite advancements in diagnostic and standard treatment modalities, cancer survival rate remains disappointing globally. It has however, been recognized that exploring the therapeutic properties of secondary metabolite from natural products may alleviate the problems of drug resistance and toxicity that besiege the conventional therapies, and hence improve the overall prognosis of cancer patient. To this end curcumin, a polyphenolic natural compound has been widely studied for it anticancer activities in in vitro and in vivo models. Computational technology has significantly improved the success rate of drug discovery and development, hence, it has become a widely explore tool in drug candidate identification. In this study we used computational approached to identify 12 genes that are potential druggable candidate for curcumin. The genes identified were found to be enriched in cancer and drug resistance associated signaling pathways. Interestingly, the top 3 identified genes; Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) were observed to be over expressed in multiple cancer cohorts and were associated with poor prognoses of the patients. Curcumin has good physicochemical, bioavailability and ADMET properties. Importantly, it met the Lipinski's Rule of 5 for drug likeness and thus worthy of further in vitro and in vivo confirmation studies.
Cancer Chemotherapy: A Review Update of the Mechanisms of Action, Prospects and Associated Problems
(BIOMED Natural and Applied Science, 2021) Aishatu, Mustapha; Abdulfatai, Ismail; Jonathan, Ibrahm; Dauda, Muhammed; Opeyemi, N. Hassan; Peter, I. Ugwunnaji; Eustace, B. Berinyuy
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries, responsible for about 25% of all deaths. On a yearly basis, 0.5% of the population is diagnosed with cancer. Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted agents. Conventional chemotherapeutical agents act by creating toxic effects on all dividing cells. The toxic byproducts of some chemotherapeutic drugs are deposited mainly in the liver producing hepatotoxicity, leading to many side-effects like loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and constipation, anemia, fatigue, hyperthermia, loss of hair, etc. In this review update, the benefits and problems of chemotherapy have been highlighted and the mechanisms involved in cancer formation, groups of chemotherapeutic agents, as well as method of chemotherapeutic administration, have been discussed.