Surveying & Geoinformatics

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Surveying & Geoinformatics

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AN EVALUATION OF GEOMETRIC DATA ACQUISITION USING LANDSAT IMAGERY
(CASLE – Abuja 2016 Conference Papers., 2016) Oluibukun .G. Ajayi, Yusuf .D. Opaluwa, Quadri .A. Adejare, Joseph. O. Odumosu, Nanpon Zitta and Ekundayo .A. Adesina
The implementation of appropriate digital image processing method is crucial for deriving urban land cover maps of acceptable accuracy and cost. This study examines the effect of acquiring images in various spectral regions (bands), the impact of some image processing techniques on the combination of the different bands and the acceptable mode in which the features of the image could be classified using unsupervised classification (clustering) and supervised classification based on four different hard classifiers. Four different filter types were experimented on the colour composite images before classifying the images into different distinct land spectral classes. The Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS) software was used to classify LandSAT 7 image of 2001, part 189r053, zone 32, bands 1 (Blue), 2 (Green), 3 (Red), 4 (Near infrared), 5 and 7 (Middle infrared) wavelength. From the study, it was observed that AVG 3x3 filter type is the most preferred. Colour composite of bands 5, 4, 3 in the RGB planes gave the best representation of the features of the image and that Box classifier, Minimum Distance to Mean Classifier and Maximum Likelihood classifier are excellent classifiers for image supervised classification
Analysis of Telecommunication Service Mast Distribution in Minna, Niger State Using Geospatial Technique
(National Association of Surveying and Geoinformatics Lecturers (NASGL), 2019-02-07) Adesina, E.A., Uloko, U.S, Olaniyi, M.K., Animashahaun, A., and Abdulkareem, S.
Since the embrace of telecommunication in Nigeria, the number of subscribers has tremendously increased and the dependence on telecommunication has grown cutting across all professions to all man’s day-to-day activities. This high rate of growth has led to high pressure on the telecommunication facilities, leading to poor network coverage. The increasing number of subscribers and the high dependence of everyone on telecommunication for man’s day to day activities require that research to made into investigating ways to totally eliminate or minimize poor network coverage within the study area. Over the years researchers from different fields have looked into this problem with attempts to help solve this problem, and they most times tend to get stuck with topographic problems. This research tends to look into the analysis of telecommunication mast distribution using geospatial techniques in Minna Metropolis. The aim of this research is to analyse the spatial location (X, Y, and Z) of the telecommunication masts in Minna Metropolis in view of enhancing the performance and efficiency of telecommunication services in the metropolis. The parameters of the mass were acquired from the telecommunication company and a street guide map of the metropolis updated with the mast’s locations was used to locate the masts and trigonometric levelling of inaccessible points was used in getting the height of the mast. The geospatial analysis used was view shed analysis incorporating buffer analysis; this was overlaid on the street guide map and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The view shed analysis was used to access the effect on topography on the network coverage while the buffer analysis was used to depict the range of network coverage. The results showed that the distribution pattern is based on population density and the concentration is on commercial centers and areas where income per head is high. It is also revealed that the masts are well distributed for good 2G coverage, but poor network coverage is still seen due to topographic obstruction. The study also reveals that the facilities were poorly distributed for good 3G coverage at the fringes of the metropolis. It was discovered that topography has effect on the network coverage, as topographic features tends to obstruct the line of sight signals from the mast. High peak produces better visibility and signal reception than on lowlands in the line of sight and view shed analysis. It was also discovered that in places where masts are well distributed and poor network is still seeing, increasing the height of the mast could actually help in solving the problem. The work recommends that masts be placed at high peaks where the line of sight would not be obstructed. Also, LIDAR and UAV generated digital elevation models can be used for the analysis to obtain better accuracy. The research recommends that this can serve as forehand information for business men regarding where to establish businesses related to telecommunication and location.
DETERMINATION OF EXTERIOR ORIENTATION PARAMETERS FROM A SINGLE OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPH: A LEAST SQUARES APPROACH
(Environmental Technology and Science Journal (ETSJ), 2015-06) SAMAILA-IJA H. A., ODUMOSU J. 0., AJAYI O. G., ADESINA E. A., ZITTA N., and KUTA A. A.
This paper presents a simple least squares approach to the determination of exterior orientation parameters using a parametric form solution to the conventional collinearity-condition equation for a single oblique photograph. A MATLAB-based program has been written to perform the required computation by two methods, namely, "iterative model" and "non-iterative tilt photo-generator equation". With a Standard error of 10.77m, 10.77m, and 279.31m for the Xo, Yo, and Zo, respectively, the "Non-iterative Tilt Photo Generator Equation" Model was chosen as a better fit for the Solution, although the accuracy achieved is unacceptable for higher-order survey tasks. This therefore confirms that stereo images are better suited for higher-order survey tasks.
Dynamic Road Segmentation of Part of Bosso Local Government Area, Niger State
(American Journal of Geographic Information System 2015, 2015) Oluibukun G. Ajayi, Joseph O. Odumosu, Hassan A. Samaila-Ija, Nanpon Zitta, Ekundayo A. Adesina, Olaniyi J. Olanrewaju
Dynamic road segmentation (DRS) data model finds maximum application in GIS Transportation (GIS-T) studies and analysis, serving as a data model that splits linear features into a new set of segments wherever its attributes change. An attempt has been made by this research to carry out the Dynamic road segmentation of part of the Bosso Local Government Area of Minna using an IKONOS image of 1-m Pan-sharpened spatial resolution and other field survey acquired data. Geometric data was acquired using Handheld GPS receivers while the attribute data was acquired via the social survey approach(administration of questionnaires, direct observations, and on-site interviews). A Geo-database was designed and created within the ArcGIS 10.0 software environment. Analysis and queries were also performed to solve some pertinent issues concerning the route segments and to highlight the closest infrastructural facility in case of emergencies. The result highlighted the present road pavement condition of the considered road segments, adjacent land use, traffic congestion rate, notable crime spots, and accident hotspots. It also suggested that the building up of traffic congestion along the Kpakungun roundabout axis is due to the road width (8m), high traffic volume, and the dilapidating state of the road’s pavement.
Flood Inundation Mapping of Gbaganu Area Minna, Niger State
(School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, 2021-05-05) Adesina, E.A., Saka, T.T., Adewuyi A.I., Ayoade, S.A., and Ayndeji, M.A.
Flooding in recent times has become a critically problematic phenomenon of spatio-temporal order and considerably high frequency of occurrence worldwide. Gbeganu area of Minna covering an area of 16.389 hectares within Niger State. Nigeria has witnessed and is still witnessing multivariate cases of flooding, which peak in the rainy season (April-October) of every year, resulting in loss of life and economic valuables/properties. To curb this menace, an integrated solution of drainage morphometric parameters with remote sensing and geographical information system capacity is thus herein presented using the downloaded Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) of 1-arc second (30 m resolution) which covers nearly the entire Niger State and the DEM of the study area was extracted and digital elevation model (DEM) generated from topographical point data (position and elevation of points within the area) taken with Differential Global Positioning System receivers and the satellite image of the study area to delineate watershed, contributing area, flow direction and flow path/channel. The Height Above the Nearest Drainage (HAND) tool was used on the ArcGIS software for analyses. The study produced a map depicting regions within the study area: regions that are highly susceptible to flooding. The morphometric analysis of flood inundation hazard in the area watershed shows that the risk to buildings will be more serious shortly, meanwhile, the implementation of flood countermeasures and the identification of priority areas for flood risk reduction using the flood inundation map will also help to reduce the flood impacts within the study area.
Geospatial Analysis for Optimal Hotel Site Selection in Minna Metropolis
(School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State., 2024-10-24) Ekundayo, A. Adesina., S. Chukwu., Oluwatobi, O. Adetunji
The hotel industry significantly contributes to national economies, particularly in tourism centres. It is a source of employment, generating numerous jobs. However, many African countries, such as Nigeria, face a shortage of hotels due to their spatial distribution. Proper scientific planning, therefore, requires careful consideration of influencing factors before constructing new hotels. This study employed Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geospatial Technologies (GIS and Remote Sensing) to assess hotel site suitability in Minna Metropolis. Based on expert advice and existing literature, the study identified five key factors influencing hotel site suitability: Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Slope, Elevation, the spatial distribution of existing hotels, and Road Network Analysis. These factors were weighted using the Analytical Hierarchical Process algorithm and combined using the weighted overlay tool in ArcGIS 10.8 software to create suitability map with four classes: Highly suitable, moderately suitable, less suitable, and Not suitable. The study revealed that over 50% of the city (more than 76 square kilometers) is at least moderately ideal for hotel development. LULC, the density of existing hotels, and road networks were the most influencing factors in hotel site suitability. This research is valuable for researchers and professionals in the hotel industry.
Geospatial Distribution and Locational Impacts of Filling Stations in Minna Metropolis
(School of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., 2019) Odekunle, M.O., Adesina, E.A., Lateef, Q.A., Acha, S., Ahmed, Y.
This research analyzed the geo-spatial distribution of filling stations outlets in Minna Metropolis using Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver; Garmin 76X to determine their spatial locations. The updated georeferenced street shape file of the study area was sourced from the Niger State Geographical Information System (NGIS) and imported to ArGIS environment with data integration and transformation of the geographical coordinate of the filling stations. Standard of planning by Department of Petroleum Resource (DPR) was adapted by Environmental Guidelines Standard was also used as a standard for the study. The study discovered 83 filling stations located along the 10 roads in the study area, of which 73.973% belong to indigenous marketers, 20.55% belong to multinational marketers and 4.82% belong to NNPC. Correlation exist between hierarchy of road and filling stations, Bosso, Western by-pass, Eastern by-pass, Bida, Kpakungun and Paiko road (all major roads) have the highest number of filling stations whereas minor roads like Shehu Musa and Shehu Kangiwa roads have low density of filling stations. The locational pattern of the filling stations is clustered with significant difference between the pattern and random pattern at both 95 and 99% level of significance. The major factors governing the location of filling stations are the traffic flow, exit site from the city and closeness to Motor Park. 83.13% of the filling stations met 15-meter distance to the road as standard. However, 60% of the stations met distance of 100 metres to the utilities but with side-by-side closeness to built-up. Thus, many stations do not meet the standard of 400 metres distance to nearby stations but were located without separation. The research recommended that agencies in charge of regulation should ensure that filling stations operators comply with standards through enforcements.
GIS-based soil loss estimation using revised universal soil loss equation
(7th Intercontinental Geoinformation Days (IGD)-Peshawar, Pakistan, 2023-11-19) Ekundayo Adesina, Oluibukun Ajayi, Joseph Odumosu, Abel Illah
Soil loss estimation plays a vital role in the management and conservation of land and water resources, offering vital insights for watershed-level development in various regions. This study focuses on the development of a soil loss model for the Bosso Local Government Area in Minna, Nigeria, utilizing the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Integration of Landsat images, Digital Elevation Models (DEM), rainfall and precipitation records, and soil erodibility factors were employed to estimate the average annual soil erosion within the study area. The individual parameters of the RUSLE model were integrated into the ArcGIS environment using the raster calculator in the Arc toolbox. The results reveal that an alarming 6672.83 tonnes per hectare per year of soil are lost annually in the study area. This rate of soil erosion raises concerns about the sustainability of agricultural practices in the study area. The findings underscore a critical absence of conservation practices or plans to combat and mitigate soil erosion in the region. In light of these findings, it is imperative that local government authorities, in collaboration with various ministries, take immediate action to promote and enforce conservation measures aimed at combating soil erosion within the area
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SEA LEVEL VARIATION ON VERTICAL REFERENCE FRAMES BASED ON A DESIGNED EXPERIMENT
(School of Environmental Technology Conference (SETIC) Conference Proceedings, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2016) ODUMOSU, J.O., IDOWU, T.O., ADESINA, E.A., AJAYI, O.G., IBRAHIM, P.
The Mean Sea level as a result of its "near-coincidence" with the equipotential surface of the geoid is universally adopted as a reference surface for the physical realization of the vertical reference system. Unfortunately, the effect of climate change has continued to alter the value of the mean sea level across the globe by as much as 10mm per annum at certain locations. The Gauss-Markov functional model has been used in this study to determine the effect of Sea Level variation on sea-related physical heights along the ZIT-control series in Lagos state using the different International Association of Geodesy (IAG) standard geo-potential values as representative indicators of sea level rise. Results obtained show very minimal effect of MSL variation on the VRF. with a standard deviation of # 0.000000000015 m.
INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF SUNSPOTS ON EARTH'S CLIMATE
(School of Environmental Technology Conference (SETIC) Conference Proceedings, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2016) AJAYI, O.G., IBIK, A.L., ODUMOSU, J.0., BABALOLA, K.H., & ADESINA, E.A.
World history of the effect of climate change on humanity is enough witness to attest to its lethal effects, Various researches have delved into the investigation of the probable causes of variation in earth’s climatic condition, with majority of such researches concentrating more on the impact of the changes in the reflectivity of earth's atmosphere, surface and increase in the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere chiefly propelled by human inducement, while little has been done to investigate the impact of the temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the Sun that appears visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions (Sunspots). Using Global sunspots and annual temperature anomalies data of 1900 - 2014, attempt has been made in this research to investigate temporal variation of the trend of sunspots and their impact on earth's climate since temperature is one of the basic indices that define climate while the sun is the fundamental source of energy that drives our climate system. The result shows that the earth is getting warmer over the years as increase in years lead to increase in annual temperature anomaly. A very weak correlation was observed between the global mean sunspot number and the annul temperature anomaly while there is a positive correlation between the global mean sunspot number and the Earth's temperature though very weak and statistically insignificant. It is thus concluded that the direct impact of sunspots on Earth's anomaly is very weak, minimal and at best, indirect.
Land Cover Classification: Comparison between Fuzzy and Boolean Classifier
(FIG Working Week 2016 Recovery from Disaster Christchurch, New Zealand, May 2–6, 2016, 2016-05-06) Abdullahi Ahmed KUTA, Oluibukun Gbenga AJAYI, Ekundayo Abayomi ADESINA, Zitta NANPON, Hassan .A. SAMAILA-IJA
Production of Land Use/Land cover maps is very important for environmental monitoring and development. Image classification using either hard/or soft classifiers is crucial in the production of these maps. While fuzzy classification is suitable for modelling vagueness due to mixed pixels in the land cover, Boolean, on the other hand, is suitable for modelling land cover with well-defined boundaries. The analyst’s choice of image classifier is a very important decision in image classification, as this determines the classification output. Using Landsat5 TM of 1984, Landsat 4 TM of 1992 and Landsat7 ETM+ of 2000 satellite images, this research looks at the comparison between soft (Fuzzy) and hard (Boolean) classifiers. The Landsat ETM+2000 of a 15m spatial resolution was resampled to a 30m pixel size so that the three images would be of the same pixel size to effectively carry out pixel-to-pixel analysis. Due to the nature of the landscape and bearing in mind that land cover responds differently to various Landsat spectral bands, three band combinations (image bands 2, 3, and 4) were considered for the classification. The images were classified into four (4) different land spectral classes by employing the fuzzy membership function and maximum likelihood classification tools in Idrisi Taiga 16 software. The results obtained show that the spatial distribution of the modelled land cover classes for both Fuzzy and Boolean is the same, which buttresses the performance level of both models. The major difference between the two models lies in the output; while fuzzy shows a subtle representation according to the degree of membership function of each land cover class, the Boolean, on the other hand, represents the land cover types with a well-defined boundary. Also, the summation of the fuzzy land cover areas is not equal to the size of the study; 108% in 1984, 107% in both 1992 and 2000, are unlike the Boolean with 100%.
Location-Allocation ANALYSIS of Public Health Site Selection Using P-Centre Model: (Case Study of Chanchaga Local GOVERNMENT Area, Minna, Niger State)
(School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., 2016-05-12) Adesina, E. A., Odumosu, J.O., Zitta. N., Ajayi, O.G., Kuta, A.A., and Adamu, G.M.
Healthcare planning is a challenging field that depends on spatial data such as location and characteristics of health center demand. Chanchaga Local Government Area lacks adequate healthcare facilities. So, the need to locate new public healthcare facilities is necessary if distance to population is considered. A Garmin 76CSx handheld GPS receiver was used to map the existing health facilities and overlay them on a high-resolution Satellite image of 0.5m (GeoEye-1) of the study area. Based on the analysis, it was discovered that inadequate healthcare facilities have been a problem for the people in the Chanchaga Local Government Area. Thus, there is need to site more new public healthcare facilities in other to solve the problem of uncovered areas in the study area by considering proximity (distance) to the demand (Potential users) using P-Centre algorithm in determining optimal location of public health facilities within study area with the primary goal of minimizing the maximum response time (i.e. Time between a demand site and nearest service location using a given number of service locations). Twenty healthcare facilities were found in the study area, which shows that the facilities are randomly distributed using Nearest Neighborhood Analysis in ArcGIS 9.3 Software. Thus, Factor and Constraint maps were produced and overlaid on the buffer of the existing public health facilities using ArcGIS 9,3 software. The study shows that the health facilities were randomly distributed in the locality, with four of them not suitably located, affected by the factor criteria, which need to be relocated to the proposed suitable site. Similarly, the research showed that the city heart's Centre is enjoying more presence of public health facilities than the extreme North-West of the Local Government Council, with fewer facilities.
Mapping of Tomatoes Pest Susceptibility in Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
(School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, 2024-10-24) Abdulmalik M. Olaniyi, Ekundayo A. Adesina, Gbenga Adeniyi, Albert I. Nwose
This study aimed at analyzing the spatial distribution of tomato farm pest susceptibility in Zaria using Geospatial techniques. The actual GPS positions of 153 tomato farms were observed and represented on a Landsat 8 image of Zaria. Their locations were then verified with a SPOT 5 imagery. Supervised classification was used to classify the image into land use/Land cover (LULC) by using Maximum likelihood classifier and subsequently used as a land utilization factor in the study. Other factors influencing tomato crop health and pest susceptibility such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), temperature, bioclimatic and solar radiation, soil moisture, proximity to drainage, water vapour, wind speed elevation, slope and aspect of the study area were considered as parameters. These parameters were ranked and assigned weight by pairwise comparison for producing a weighted overlay in the Multi Criteria Elevation (MCE) for susceptibility class of tomato crops to pest. The results were classified into four classes using the fuzzy set classification model. Result of the analysis shows that the majority of tomato farms have low susceptible to pest while few tomato farms have high susceptibility to pest. Finding depicts that out of 153 tomato farms studied susceptibility to pest while 20.26% with 31 tomato farms have high susceptibility to pest. The result of this study implies that the geographic space with favourable conditions for pest breeding suggest a very high tendency of pest development and spread to other farm locations with low or moderate susceptibility tendency overtime when adequate measures are not taken into consideration. It is therefore recommended that regular update of tomato farms location should be carried out and an effective information system should be established for monitoring infestation so as to effectively make informed decisions during pest outbreak.
Modelling Surface Runoff and Mapping Flood Vulnerability of Lagos State from Digital Elevation Model
(FIG Congress 2014 Engaging the Challenges – Enhancing the Relevance Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 16-21 June 2014, 2014-06) Olayemi Joseph ODUMOSU, Oluibukun Gbenga AJAYI and Ekundayo ADESINA
Flooding in recent times has become a critically problematic phenomenon of spatio-temporal order and considerably high frequency of occurrence all over the world, and most especially in coastal nations/states. Lagos State, one of the nine (9) Coastal States of Nigeria, has witnessed and is still witnessing multivariate cases of flooding which attains its peak in the rainy seasons (April-October) of every year resulting in loss of life and economic valuables/properties. To curb this menace, an integrated solution (combination of empirical hydrological models with remote sensing and GIS capacity) is thus presented herein using a downloaded Digital Elevation Model of the study area to delineate watersheds, flow direction, contributing areas, and flow path/Channel. Also, surface runoff was simulated for an eight-hour homogeneous rainfall, and the resulting gauge readings from eleven (11) fictitious gauge stations distributed across the state were obtained. The study was able to produce a map categorising Lagos state into three (3) zones based on their vulnerability to flood. The Quantum GIS software was used for the analysis and simulation.
Optimal Coverage Analysis of Existing Public Facility using the Capacitated P-Center Model
(Unilorin Science Engineering Periodicals (USEP),, 2015) J.O. Olusina and E.A. Adesina
The P-Center problem algorithm has been one of the most famous ways of providing solutions for locating facilities. Despite the frequent usage of this algorithm, research on the integration of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and the P-Centre problem has not been much explored. This research uses the P-Centre problem approach in providing a solution to determining the optimal location of existing public facilities within the Shomolu Local Government Area, with the primary goal of minimizing the maximum travel distance from each demand node to the closest facility. Primary and secondary school's optimum and tolerable distances from the residential areas were determined. Spatial analysis was carried out on the sufficiency or otherwise of Primary and Secondary Schools within the Local Government Area. Multi-criteria queries were carried out, and results revealed that between 2011 and 2015, the Local Government Area did not have a sufficient number of schools to meet the demand, while from 2016 - 2020, schools will be grossly inadequate. Polynomials were derived for these deficiencies, which can be used to predict future deficiencies if relevant government agencies fail to provide more schools as the population increases.
Prediction of Annual Flood-Prone Aras using SWAT and HEC-RAS Models
(School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State., 2024-10-24) Ekundayo, A. Adesina, Oluibukun G. Ajayi, Joseph O. Odumosu, Suleiman A. Z.
The study focuses on predicting flood-prone areas in Niger State’s Kainji Lake watershed in 2025 using the SWAT and HEC-RAS models. The SWAT models. The SWAT model replicates key hydrological processes, integrating satellite-derived data, including precipitation, temperature, land cover, DEM, and soil maps. HEC-RAS simulates river flow and flood inundation, utilizing a 12.5 m ALOS PALSAR DEM for detailed analysis. Both models are calibrated and validated with two years of discharge data from the Nigeria Hydrological Service Agency. Results highlight the vulnerability of several settlements along the Kainji Lake floodplain, such as Kontagora, New Bussa, and Ngaski, under different climate change scenarios. Despite certain limitations, the combined use of SWAT and HEC-RAS effectively identifies areas at risk in flood prediction and management efforts.
Proliferations of Borehole Distribution Pattern in Suleja Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria
(National Association of Surveying and Geoinformatics Lecturers (NASGL), 2019-02-07) Areo, I.O., Arinola, F.S., and Adesina, E.A.
This study is aimed at analyzing the distribution pattern of boreholes in Suleja local government area of Niger state in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study include: to identify the distribution of boreholes in Suleja LGA, identify the factors responsible for the distribution of boreholes, access the impact of such distribution pattern; profile recommendation based on findings. To achieve these objectives, a direct field survey was conducted and the geographical locations of the boreholes were acquired using the Garmin 78 hand held Global Positioning System (GPS). The data collected was used to prepare a dot-map showing the boreholes. An interview was also conducted to compliment and determine the perception of the borehole owners on sensitive issues as related to the aim of the research. The dot map was used to analyse the spatial distribution pattern of the boreholes using ArcGIS 10.0 version. The area was divided into four (4) quadrants which constituted the sample frame and the Nearest Neighbour Analysis was adopted. Household heads were purposively interviewed. The findings revealed that unqualified engineers are sometimes involved in drilling boreholes, tiling and concretization of compound floor is a regular practice in the study area, and there is a very high demand of water in Suleja. In view of these, appropriate recommendations were made to reduce the proliferation of boreholes in the study area; provide pipe borne water for the populace, planting of trees should be encouraged, avoided concretization of ground surface to allow rainwater percolation to recharge groundwater.
Vehicle route optimization for student transportation in a GIS and programming environment: Case study of mawo secondary school, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
(Nigerian Journal of Technological Research, 2018) Odumosu, J. O., O. O. Morenikeji and E. A. Adesina
Route optimization in Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is an age-old field of research that has attracted interest among most professionals in the built environment because of its many variants and types. It often becomes confusing as to which solution approach is best suited for a certain VP at hand. This paper has presented a brief theoretical description aimed at enhancing easy discrimination of the difference between the major variants of the Capacitated VRP (CVRP) and their solution algorithms using the conventional dikjstra's algorithm for the Chinese Postman's Problem (CPP) and the generic algorithm for the Travelling Salesman's Problem (ISP) in ArcView and MATLAB respectively. Analysis of the results obtained within the study area shows that the CPP (with a realistic path distance of 38.772km) is better suited for CVRP in existing road networks than the TSP (with an unrealistic path distance of 19.165Km).