Physics
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Item Survey of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity in Sachet water Hawked in Minna, Niger State.(2009) Kolo, M. T.,; Baba-kutugi; OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; Sharifat, I.Item PATIENT ENTRANCE SKIN DOSES AT MINNA AND IBADAN FOR COMMON DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS(BAYERO UNIVERSITY, 2009-06-14) SHARIFAT I; OLARINOYE, OYELEKEEntrance surface dose from two diagnostic x-ray centers in Nigeria for three common radiological examinations is presented in this study. Entrance surface doses for 294 patients drawn from Niger state hospital Minna and Two-Tees x-ray centre, Ibadan are included in this dose survey. The air kerma for each patient was measured using thermoluminescent dosimeter chips (TLD-100). The air kerma for each patient was then multiplied by a back scatter factor of 1.35 to obtain the Entrance surface dose. Generally doses obtained in this study were found to be higher than those in published works and International Atomic Energy Agency recommended limits for chest examination. The range factor at Niger State General Hospital was as high as 12 in some cases but as low as 1 in most cases at Two-Tees X-ray center. The doses obtained for skull and abdomen examination were found to be within acceptable International Atomic Energy Agency recommended limit.Item ESTIMATION OF PATIENTS’ ORGAN DOSES AND CONCEPTUS DOSES FROM SELECTED X-RAY EXAMINATIONS IN TWO NIGERIA X-RAY CENTRES(OXFORD, 2009-01-06) OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; OGUNDARE F,O,Nigeria X-ray centres, Niger State General Hospital (NGH) and Two-Tees (TTX), are reported. Air kerma was measured, and entrance surface dose (ESD) and half-value layer estimated for each set of tube potential (kVp), focus to skin distance and current–time product (mAs) used for each of the patients included in this study. Results show that the mean air kerma in the two centres are similar for the three projections considered in this study. Organ doses ranged from <0.01 to 2.18 mGy in NGH and from <0.01 to 1.29 mGy in TTX for examinations of the abdomen, from <0.01 to 0.20 mGy in NGH and from <0.01 to 0.13 mGy in TTX for examinations of the skull and from <0.01 to 3.90 mGy in NGH and from <0.01 to 1.96 mGy in TTX for examinations of the chest. Generally, no significant difference is seen between the organ doses of male and female patients. In NGH, organ doses are generally greater than those from TTX for the three examinations. The mean ESDs for examinations of the chest postero-anterior, abdomen antero-posterior (AP) and skull AP are, respectively, 5.37, 6.28 and 4.24 mGy in NGH, and 5.82, 5.33 and 4.76 mGy in TTX. The ESDs reported in this study, except for examinations of the chest, are generally lower than comparable values published in the literature. Conceptus doses were also estimated for female patients using normalised published conceptus dose data for abdomen examinations. The estimated conceptus doses were >1 mGyeven when the conceptus was located 12 cm below the surface of the abdomen.