Civil Engineering
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Civil Engineering
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Item Production of Pavement Blocks Using Low Density Polyethylene Product Waste(SETIC 2022 International Conference: “Sustainable Development and Resilience of the Built Environment in the Era of Pandemic” School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna 6th – 8th February, 2023., 2023) Aboje, A. A.; Abbas, B. A.; Kolo, D. N.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Abdulsalam, A.Waste sachet water packs cause considerable land pollution in Nigeria. In this research, pavement block was produced using low density polyethylene products waste (sachet water packs) as an alternative binder. The production was achieved by first converting the sachet water packs into pellets and blending it with sandstone in a mass ratio of 8:2 (A), 7:3 (B) and 6:4 (C) sandstone to pellets respectively. The compressive strength, %water absorption and curing time tests were carried out on the pavement block to determine it suitability and safety for low-traffic use. The compressive strength for polymer concrete samples A, B and C were 13.65N/mm2, 16.99N/mm2 and 20.34N/mm2 respectively. After carrying out the %water absorption test on the polymer concrete A, B and C the following result was obtained: 8.33%, 5.47% and 4.03% respectively. It should be noted that the polymer concrete samples and the control samples which (are cement concrete based) are for light-traffic use (pedestrian, plazas, shopping complexes ramps, car parks, office drive ways, rural roads with low traffic, and residential road).Item Reliability Studies on Reinforced Concrete Column Subjected to Axial Load with Natural Stone as Coarse Aggregate(NAUJournalofCivil Engineering (NAUJCVE), 2024) Kolo, D. N.; Aguwa, J. I.; Abubakar, MahmudThis paper presents the reliability assessment of a reinforced concrete column subjected to Axial loading. Locally available natural aggregate (NA) was used in concrete production, the results of preliminary tests revealed the aggregate was adequate for concrete production. A typical column cross section of 230 × 240 × 3000mm was adopted and probabilistically assessed. First Order Reliability Method (FORM) was employed to estimate the implied probabilities of failures. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the reinforced concrete column is structurally safe at length, breadth and depth of 3200, 240 and 230 mm with Probability of Failures of 1.14 ×10-3, 8.45 × 10-4and 8.45 × 10-4 respectively.Item PROBABILITY-BASED CALIBRATION OF LOAD DURATION MODIFICATION FACTORS FOR THE NIGERIAN GROWN TIMBER(NIGERIA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES (NJEAS), 2023) Aguwa. J. I.; Sadiku, S.; Afolayan, J. O.; Abdullahi, A.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Kolo, D. N.All along, load duration modification factors used in Nigeria for design of timber structures were based on BS 5268 of 2002 and this is not a good engineering practice since the strength of timber depends so much on the soil as well as on the environment. There is the need to localize the modification factors based on our environment since Nigerian grown timber is generally used for all timber structures designed and built in Nigeria. Probability-based calibration of load duration modification factors for the Nigerian grown timber was successfully carried out. The results showed significant difference between the calibrated factors and those from BS 5268 of 2002. The calibrated modification factors are; 1.25 for long-term, 1.35 for medium-term, 1.70 for short term, and 2.0 for very short-term duration. This paper recommends the use of these calibrated load duration factors based on Nigerian grown environment.Item Empirical Relationship between Compressive, Flexural and Splitting Tensile Strengths of Concrete Containing Kuta Gravel as Coarse Aggregate(Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 2025-02-02) Abubakar, J.; Abdullahi, M.; Aguwa, J. I.; Abbas, B. A.; Kolo, D. N.Flexural and tensile strengths of concrete are of great importance in structural engineering. Understanding the flexural strength of concrete helps designers prevent and control development of cracks in concrete elements, ensuring durability. In addition to serviceability, shear, bond failure and flexural capacity in concrete members are directly linked to the tensile strength of the concrete. When compared to flexural and tensile strengths, determination of the compressive strength of concrete is easier to carry out in the field. It is therefore, customary to determine the compressive strength and correlate it to other strength properties. In this study, empirical relationships have been developed to relate the compressive strength to the flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete using Kuta river gravel as coarse aggregate. Using varying total aggregate to cement, coarse aggregate to total aggregate and water to cement ratios, 20 mixes were generated using Central Composite Design (CCD) in Minitab 21. The compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete samples from these mixes were determined at 28 days of age. From the strength data obtained, regression equations were developed that relate the strength properties with the aid of regression analysis tool in Microsoft Excel. The empirical models developed to predict the flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete from the compressive strength recorded R2 values of 1 for both models, P-values of 5.23 × 10−29 and 4.47 × 10−30, and standard errors of 0.21 and 0.06 respectively. Furthermore, residuals from the values of predicted strength properties show that there is very slight deviation between the experimental and predicted values. It was concluded that the empirical equations developed are significant, have high predictive capabilities and can be used in predicting the flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete.Item Structural Reliability Studies on Pulverized Glass Powder Concrete Subjected to Bending Forces with Natural Aggregate(Ethiopian International Journal of Engineering and Technology (EIJET), 2024-02-01) Kolo, D. N.; Aguwa, J. I.; Hadi, A. M.; Shehu, M.; Ashraf, M.L.M.The shortage of housing and basic infrastructure in Nigeria is increasing with a continuous rise in the price of construction materials. Cement is a major component in concrete production. Its production, however, is accompanied by huge carbon dioxide emissions. This research presents the results of structural reliability analysis conducted on reinforced concrete beam produced with pulverized glass powder as partial replacement for cement with Natural aggregate (NA) as coarse aggregate by subjecting it to bending forces. First order reliability method (FORM) was employed to determine the level of safety of the beam. The result of the sensitivity analysis showed that the pulverized glass powder beam with NA as coarse aggregate is structurally safe at a span of 3000 mm and depth of 600 mm with probabilities of failure of 1.00 × 10-3 and 1.04 × 10-3 respectively.Item Reliability Assessment of Natural Aggregate Pulverized Glass Powder Concrete Beam Subjected to Shearing Forces(Journal of Computational Engineering and Physical Modeling, 2023-01-02) Kolo, D. N.; Kolo, S. S.; Abdulazeez, M. H.Cement is the most expensive ingredient in the process of making concrete. Reducing the quantity of cement used in the production of concrete with Pulverized glass powder (PGP) will reduce the cost of concrete production and help tackle environmental, disposal and CO2 emission challenges. The results of structural reliability assessment performed on Pulverized glass powder concrete produced using locally sourced Natural aggregate (NA) as coarse aggregate. Concrete cubes measuring 150 × 150 ×150 mm were cast, cured for 28 days and tested using the universal compressive testing machine. First order reliability method (FORM) was employed to determine the level of safety of the reinforced concrete beam. Result of sensitivity analysis under shearing forces shows the beam is structurally safe at a span of 3250 mm with Probability of failure (Pf) of 1.14 × 10-3 , Effective depth of 459 mm and corresponding Probability of failure (Pf) of 5.77 × 10-8 and an Area of Shear reinforcement (Asv) of 201 mm2 with Probability of failure (Pf) of 5.01 × 10-5 .Item Probability-Based Calibration of Load Duration Modification Factors for the Nigerian Grown Timber(2023-01-02) Aguwa, J. I.; Sadiku, S.; Afolayan, J. O.; Aliyu, A.; Abubakar, M.; Kolo, D. N.All along, load duration modification factors used in Nigeria for design of timber structures were based on BS 5268 of 2002 and this is not a good engineering practice since the strength of timber depends so much on the soil as well as on the environment. There is the need to localize the modification factors based on our environment since Nigerian grown timber is generally used for all timber structures designed and built in Nigeria. Probability-based calibration of load duration modification factors for the Nigerian grown timber was successfully carried out. The results showed significant difference between the calibrated factors and those from BS 5268 of 2002. The calibrated modification factors are; 1.25 for long-term, 1.35 for medium-term, 1.70 for short term, and 2.0 for very short-term duration. This paper recommends the use of these calibrated load duration factors based on Nigerian grown environment.