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Item Geotechnical Assessment of Clay Deposits in Minna, North-Central Nigeria for Use as liners in Sanitary Landfill Design and Construction(American Journal of Environmental Protection, published by Science and Education Publishing, 2015) Amadi, A. N.; Okunlola, I. A.; Eze, C. J.; Jimoh, M. O.; Unuevho, C. I.; Abubakar, F.Abstract Sanitary landfills are waste disposal method that functions without creating nuisance to the environment. It confines waste to the available area, reduce waste to the minimum practical volume. The waste in a landfill reacts to release a cocktail of contaminants called leachate, which posses treat to the surrounding environment (soil and groundwater). Therefore, barrier soils are required for the lining of a landfill to prevent seepage of leachate into the surrounding groundwater and subsequent contamination of the groundwater system. Some clay in Minna was assessed using geotechnical techniques to determine its suitability as barrier soils. Five samples of clay were subjected to grain size analysis, atterberg limits, compaction tests and mineralogy test. From the grain size analysis and the atterberg limit, the soil is classified as a clayey material. The liquid limit ranged from 45.5%-61% with a mean value of 51.8% which is an indication of high plasticity and low hydraulic conductivity, the plastic limit ranged from 29.2%-35.8% with a mean value of 32.44% and its plasticity index ranged from 13.7%-25.2% with a mean value of 19.37% which implies that the clay can withstand volumetric shrinkage on drying and exhibit a low to medium swelling potential when wet. The compaction test reveal an optimum moisture content(OMC) ranging from 17.7% to 24% with a mean value of 19.94% and a maximum dry density (MDD) that varied from 1.59g/cm3 to 1.76g/cm3 with a mean value of 1.7g/cm3. This results of these geotechnical analysis suggests that the clay in the area meets the requirement for a barrier soil. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the presence of kaolinite dominated clay and mixed clay (kaolinite-illite). These minerals have the capability to attenuate and contain leachates from wastes. Hence, the studied clays are good barrier soils.Item Biostratigraphy and Depositional Environments of Wells BB-3, D-01 and BL-1X Deep Offshore, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria: Insights from Palynological Studies(Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2022-06) Usman, H.O.; Unuevho, C. I.; Chukwuma-Orji, J. N.; Alkali, Y. B.Biostratigraphic studies was carried out on BB-33, D-01 and BL-1X wells deep offshore Niger Delta Basin Nigeria. Palynological analysis was carried out on 295 ditch cuttings samples (BB-3 =82, D-01 =109, and BL-1X = 104). Open hole geophysical log data was also provided for the studied intervals 10700-15600 ft, 8060-16800 ft and 7900-13000 ft in BB-3, D-01 and BL-1X wells respectively belonging to the Agbada Formation. Lithologically, the section varies from alternation of sand and shale units with carbonaceous debris, mica flakes, ferruginised materials and glauconites at some intervals as accessory minerals. Palynomorphs recovered from the analyzed intervals were mainly Zonocotites ramonae, Monoporites annulatus, fungal spores/hypae, species of Sapotaceoidaepollenites and Laevigatosporites and were found to dominate the microfloral assemblage of the analyzed intervals. Sphaeromorph, acritarch, species of Leoisphaeridia coupled with Pediastrium, Botryococuss, Operculodinium centrocarpum, Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Achomosphaera ramulifera, Spiniferites ramosus and indeterminate dinoflagellate cysts were the marine indicators present. Samples from the section are dated early Miocene to early Pliocene age based on the independent paleontological evidences. The deduced depositional environments of the strata penetrated by the wells range from outer neritic through bathyal to deep marine.