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    Housing Affordability by Federal Civil Servants in Minna, Nigeria: Emerging Issues.
    (Canadian Centre of Science and Education, 2015) Ogunbajo A. Rukaiyat; Suleiman Yakubu; Fabunmi O. Foluke; Ojetunde Ismail
    In Nigeria, the 1999 constitution recognises housing as a fundamental human right; hence it is imperative that Nigerians have access to decent and comfortable accommodation at affordable costs. This study examined housing affordability by Federal Civil Servants in Minna by analysing the average annual emoluments of federal civil servants and the annual rental values of houses occupied by them, and subsequently established the percentage of annual income spent on rent. A total of 200 federal civil servants spread across all grade levels were sampled. Simple descriptive statistic, likert scale, relative index and pearson product moment correlation were used to analyse collected data. Findings showed that federal civil servants in the study area spend between 7.3% and 23.8% of their annual income on rents. The study also revealed that civil servants’ level of income having a relative index of 0.96 is the major factor influencing the choice of residential accommodation by federal civil servants in the study area. It further revealed a strong positive correlation between their annual income and rental values of residential properties occupied by them. The sampled respondents expressed varied levels of satisfaction with the houses they occupy, with as much as 59% being unsatisfied with their rented housing units; these were attributed to poor housing quality, small sizes of housing units and densely populated neighbourhoods, among others. Housing Affordability Index was also adopted and used to determine housing affordability levels in the study area. The study recommended a home ownership scheme to enable federal civil servants purchase or build their own houses and pay conveniently because all respondents desired to own their own houses.
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    Analysis of income diversification among fish farmers in Shiroro Local Government Area of Niger State
    (Journal of Agricultural Research and Development, 2018) Ogaji, A., Adewumi, A., Ibrahim, M. and Danlami, C.D.
    The study examined income diversification among fish farmers in Shiroro Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained from 120 respondents selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Simpson index of diversity, Gini coefficient and Tobit regression model. Result showed that an average fish farmer in the area was 45 years hold and had household size of 8 persons. 86.7% of the respondents were males, 95.0% were married and 99.2% had one form of formal education or the other. The SID result obtained revealed that the fish farmers were highly diversified with diversification index of 0.8055 and that income distribution among them is relatively even with estimated Gini coefficient of 0.1955. The tobit regression result shows that the respondents’ gender at p< 0.05, age at p< 0.05, educational level at p< 0.01, marital status at p< 0.10, household size at p< 0.01, income from primary occupation at p< 0.10 and access to extension services factors at p< 0.10 were the significant determinants of income diversification among the fish farmers in Shiroro LGA of Niger State. It was recommended that income diversification through fish production in the study area can be encouraged by involving females and youth’s participation in fish production, and that further research work in the area among the fish farmers should focus on their poverty and food security status.