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Item Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Leaf Extracts of Andrographis paniculata in Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected Mice(Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2025-03) Ismail, A; Omalu, I.C.J.; Abolarinwa, S. O; Abdullahi, M.; Adeniyi, K.A.; Ocha, I.MAfrican Animal Trypanosomiasis is a disease of major economic and public health importance, especially with the current setback in the treatment of cases using synthetic anti-trypanosomal agents. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify alternative compounds for chemotherapy. Therefore, the present study investigated the phytochemical composition, acute oral toxicity, and in vivo antitrypanosomal efficacy of crude methanol, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of Andrographis paniculata (king of bitters) leaf in Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected mice. The methanol extract was screened for the presence of secondary metabolites by using standard methods. The crude plant extract and fractions were administered orally to the parasite-infected mice at doses of 300 and 600 mgkg-1 body weight (b. wt) following standard procedures. The result was compared to Diminazine aceturate which was given at the recommended dose of 3.5 mgkg-1 b. wt subcutaneously. Phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, glycosides, steroids, tannins, and anthraquinones. Diminazine aceturate gave a 100% parasite clearance, and the mice survived throughout the study period (60.00±0.00) days. A. paniculata extract at 600 mgkg-1 b. wt was found to be effective in reducing the parasite multiplication by 43.58 % and extending the life span of the treated mice to (10.50±0.50) days compared to the untreated control, (7.45±0.55) days. Ethyl acetate fraction on the other hand was found to be more effective in reducing the parasitaemia level (61.33 % and 75.63 %) and extending the life span of the mice to (12.50±0.34) and (15.76±0.23) days for both 300 and 600 mgkg-1 b. wt doses respectively, whereas the n-hexane gave a limited trypanocidal effect of 9.89 % and 21.15 %. The results obtained in the present study suggest the ethnopharmacological usefulness of the plant and necessitate further studies on isolated active substances from this plant.Item Effects of Waste Glass Powder and Cassava Peel Ash on Compressive Strength of Concrete(Proceedings of the Third International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC, 2024), 2025) Ndaiji, A. U.; Abdullahi, M.; Abbas, B. A.; Abubakar, MahmudThis study investigates the effects of incorporating glass waste powder (GWP) and cassava peel ash (CPA) as partial replacements for cement on the compressive strength of concrete. A total of 294 concrete cubes were prepared with varying proportions of GWP and CPA (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% replacement levels). Both materials were characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analytical method. The slump of fresh concrete with WGP and CPA of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% respectively by weight of cement was investigated in accordance with standard procedures. The results show that the compressive strength of concrete increased with the addition of GWP and CPA up to a certain replacement level. The 28 days compressive strength of concrete with 15% WGP/CPA content was 16.4 % more than normal, while that of concrete with 20% WGP/CPA content was 11.9 % less than normal. The optimal replacement levels for GWP and CPA were found to be 15% and 5%, respectively. The study concludes that the use of GWP and CPA as partial replacements for cement can improve it compressive strength, it sustainability and reduce the environmental impact of concrete production. The results of slump tests of different percentages of CPA/GWP as a partial replacement of cement in concrete production were observed for all proportion ranging between 12 – 41mm. However, 20% GWP/CPA replacement was considered as optimum for structural concrete.Item Reliability studies on reinforced concrete beam subjected to bending forces with natural stone as coarse aggregate(Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2020-01-12) Kolo, D. N.; Aguwa, J. I.; Tsado, T. Y.; Abdullahi, M.; Yusuf, A.; Oritola, S. F.This paper presents the results of structural reliability analysis of a structural element (beam) in building using First-order reliability method (FORM) to ascertain the level of safety. The natural stone (NS) which is the by-product of Precambrian deposits of the Bida trough was used as coarse aggregate: unwashed and washed aggregates were used. A total of 80 concrete cubes of 150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm were cast and used for this study, sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying the span, depth, effective depth, area of shear reinforcement and dead load of the beam in bending. The result of the sensitivity analysis revealed that the beam utilising unwashed and washed NS are both structurally safe at a span of 3000 mm with probabilities of failure of 9.20 × 10–5 and 2.06 × 10–8 and both safe at a depth of 600 mm with probabilities of failure of 4.19 × 10–4 and 2.602 × 10–4, respectively, in bending.