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    Physicochemical and bacteriological evaluation of sachet water sold in Minna metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria
    (International Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research, 2023-06-12) Mohammed, Ibrahim; Bisiriyu, Muhammad Taoheed; Salau, Rasaq Bolakale; Suleiman, Asmau Omowumi; Abdullahi, Hamidu; Ogbiko, Cyril; Rople, Gungshik John; Abdullah, Rabiat Lawal
    Physical assessment of the package labels (product name, manufacturing address, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration (NAFDAC) registration number, manufacturing and expiry date and batch number on the labeling) and quality evaluation of the physicochemical and bacteriological properties of the water samples collected was assess and analyzed in relation to level of compliance with package water recommended standards. Four (4) clusters were considered in which three samples were collected from vendors in each cluster making up a total of twelve (12) samples. Physical examinations revealed 100% compliance to standards in terms of the product name, manufacturing address and NAFDAC registration number but zero percent compliance for manufacturing and expiry dates but only about 17% of the samples had a batch number on the labeling. The physiochemical parameters show appreciable compliance to standards with an ambient temperature of 28 °C, pH range of 6.5 to 8.5 and conductivity values ranged between 104.67 - 225.67 µS/cm still lower compared to the maximum range of 1000 µS/cm by Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS). Samples turbidity results recorded zero value for SWA1, SWB2, SWC3, SWE5, SWG5, SWH6, SWI7, SWJ8 and SWK9 except for sample SWD10, SWF11, and SWL12 with a turbidity of 2.00, 2.00 and 3.00 NTU, respectively and were still within NIS/WHO limit of 5 NTU. Total dissolved solids (TDS) values ranged from 70.20 - 171.67 mg/L but still within the threshold limit of 500 mg/L recommended by NIS. The bacteriological parameters gave total bacterial count (TBC) ranged between 1 - 16.50 cfu/cm3 accounting for SWB2=2.00, SWC3=1.50, SWD4=2.00, SWE5=1.00, SWF6=5.50, SWG7=4.00, SWH8=5.00, SWI9=13.00, SWJ10=8.50, SWK11=16.50,and SWL12=16.00 cfu/cm3 above the WHO limit of zero cfu/cm3 except SWA with 0.00 cfu/cm3 in conformity with the standard limit while TCC ranged from 1-1.50 cfu/cm3 for SWC3=1.50, SWD4=1.00, SWE5=1.00, SWG7=1.00, SWH8=1.50 and SWK11=1.50 cfu/cm3 which is all above the WHO limit of 0.00 cfu/cm3except six samples (SWA1, SWB2, SWF6, SWI9, SWJ10 and SWL12) having 0.00 cfu/cm3 accounting for 50% samples compliance with the tolerance limit. The concentration of Pb, Zn, Fe, and Cr in the samples was below the WHO/SON tolerant level of 0.01 mg/L for Pb, 5 mg/L for Zn, 0.3 mg/L for Fe and 0.05 mg/L for Cr except for samples SWF6, SWG7, and SWJ10 with Pb concentration of 0.04, 0.032, and 0.050 mg/L respectively, above permissible limits of WHO/SON. The corrosion of pipes used in the water processing may account for the Pb concentration hence, regular assessment of the sachet water products should be ensured by the regulating agencies to promote both water and health safety.
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    Ga(iBu)3 supported on meso H-ZSM-5: Effect of Si/Al ratio on the activity and selectivity in propane aromatization
    (Elsevier Catalysis Communications, 2024) Jessy, Abou Nakad; Firth, Daniel; Bisiriyu, Muhammad Taoheed; Szeto, Kai. C.; Merle, Nicolas; De Mallmann, Aimery; Gauvin, Regis M.; Delevoye, Laurent; Olsbye, Unni; Taoufik, Mostafa
    The grafting of Ga(iBu)3 on a series of meso-H-ZSM5, prepared by desilication-dealuminiation(Si/Al=25,50,100,200,∞) has been studied. The materials were characterized by IR, solid- state NMR, BET, ICP and EXAFS. Ga(iBu)3 reacts selectively with silanol groups, yielding a monopodal surface species in the mesopores. Importantly, the Bronsted acidic sites remain intact in the micropores, as IR and 1H MAS-NMR revealed. These materials can be regarded as bifunctional catalysts, containing isolated Ga sites and Bronsted sites in proximity, suitable for propane aromatization. Catalytic investigations show high activity and selectivity toward aromatics, toward aromatics, particularly for low Si/Al ratios.
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    Evaluation of the erosive potential of selected non-carbonated powdered sachet fruit drinks on the human enamel
    (Nigerian Journal of Technological Research, 2019-03-30) Bisiriyu, M. T; Koleola, A. A; Salau, R. B; James, D. U.
    This study was carried out to evaluate the erosive potentials of selected non-carbonated powdered sachet fruit drinks on the human dentition using physical examination and standard analytical procedures involving measurements of some physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity and buffering capacity. The results of the physical examination revealed that all the fruit drinks complied with the NAFDAC specifications except that 50% of the drinks had no NAFDAC registration number, while the results of the physicochemical analyses showed that the pH of the fruit drinks ranged from 2.635±0.22 to 2.25±0.13, electrical conductivity ranged between 1631±0.05 and 493±0.0 µS/cm and buffering capacity ranged from 3.80±0.05 to 0.75±0.11cm3 of NaOH, respectively. The results showed that all fruit drinks analyzed were highly acidic as the pH values of the prepared solutions were less than the threshold pH (5.5) for enamel dissolution. Therefore, prolonged retention of such drinks in the mouth might result in enamel wearing and tooth decay as such food and drinks with high sugar content should only be taken in small quantities.
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    Application of Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) for solving Mathematical Model of Measles
    (National Mathematical Center, 2021-03-22) Abdurrahman, Nurat Olamide; Somma S. A.; Ayegbusi F. D.; Gana P.; Adama P. W.; Yisa E. M.
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    Production of biodiesel from Balanite aegyptiaca seed oilusing chemical-activated catalyst produced from coconutshell.
    (Nigerian Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2024) Alheri, A.; Ago, M. A.; Jamila, U. A.; Anyanwu, S.K.; Bisiriyu, M. T.; Aisha, K. U.
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    Formulation Of A Standard Runge- Kutta Type Method For The Solution First And Second Order Initial Value Problems
    (Researchjournali’s Journal of Mathematics, 2015-03) Muhammad R.; Y. A Yahaya; A.S Abdulkareem
    In this paper, we present a standard Runge-Kutta Type Method (RKTM) for . The process produces Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF) scheme and its hybrid form which combined together to form a block method. The method is reformulated into a Runge-Kutta Type of the same step number for the solution of first and second order (special or general) initial value problem of Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE).
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    A 4-STAGE RUNGE-KUTTA TYPE METHOD FOR SOLUTION OF STIFF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
    (Pan-American Journal of Mathematics, 2024) RAIHANATU MUHAMMAD; ABDULMALIK OYEDEJI
    In this paper, a 2 step implicit block hybrid linear multistep method was reformulated into a 4-stage block hybrid Runge-Kutta Type Method via the butcher analysis. The method can be used to solve first order stiff ordinary differential equations. A numerical example solved with the proposed method showed a better result in comparison with an existing method
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    DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF BLOCK IMPLICIT HYBRID BACKWARD DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAE FOR STIFF PROBLEMS
    (Nigerian Journal of Mathematics and Applications, 2014) MUHAMMAD, R.; YAHAYA, Y. A.; IDRIS L.
    The Hybrid Backward Di erentiation Formula (HBDF) for the case k = 3 was reformulated into continuous form using the idea of multistep collocation. The continuous form was evaluated at some grid and o grid points which gave rise to discrete schemes employed as block methods for direct solution of rst order Ordinary Di erential Equation y0 = f(x; y). The requirement of a starting value and the overlap of solution model which are associated with conventional Linear Multistep Methods were eliminated by this approach. A convergence analysis of the derived hybrid schemes to establish their e ec- tiveness and reliability is presented. Numerical example carried out on sti problem further substantiates their performance.