School of Physical Sciences (SPS)
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Item Determination of Depth to Buried Magnetic Rocks under the Lower Sokoto Basin, Nigeria Using Aeromagnetic Data. Nigerian Journal of Physics N.J.P. Vol 19 No.2 Pp 275 - 283.(Nigerian Journal of Physics N.J.P., 2007-08) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass, Udensi E.E. and A.G Agelaga (2007).The Total Aeromagnetic Data covering the study area was subjected to First Vertical Derivative, Spectral Depth Amalysis and Source Parameter Imaging. The result from the First Vertical Derivative shows the Northern part of the area is covered by the young biotite granite of precambrian origin, and the western edge is covered by the old granite, gneisses and migmatite of Western Nigeria, while the remaining area are covered by the cretaceous sedimentary deposits. The entire area was divided into forty eight sections Spectral Depth Analysis was run for each of these forty eight sections, the result shows that a maximum depth above 7 km was obtained within the cretaceous sediments of Idah, and Ankpa, and bellow Udegi at the middle of the study area. Minimum depth estimate between 188.0 to 452 meters were observe around the basement regions. Result from Source Parameter Imaging shows a minimum depth of 76.983 meters and a maximum thickness of sedimentation of 9.847 km, which also occur within Idah, Ankpa and Udegi axis. The disparity observes in depth obtained by each method is discussed base on the merit and demerit of each method, and the depth obtained were compared with result from previous researchers. Geophysical implication of the result to oil and gas exploration in the area is briefly discussed.Item Variations of Surface Radio Refractivity and Radio Refractive Index Gradients in the sub-Sahel(The Nigerian Journal of Space Research, 2009) K. C. Igwe and I. A. AdimulaMonthly variations of radio refractive index near the ground surface have been computed for a period of five years from 2000 to 2004 over Ilorin (8o 32”N, 4o 34”E). The data used was obtained from the University of Ilorin atmospheric observatory operating under the radiometric network of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN). Also, seasonal variations of radio refractivity with height of up to 10 km atmospheric layer above ground over Minna (9o 37’’N, 6o 30’’E) have been evaluated. The data used here are those obtained from daily radiosonde ascents made at 1200hrs local time for a period of five years from 1979 to 1983. The refractivity-altitude variation over Minna have been plotted with those of four other low latitude stations and an equation of the form N = NS exp (-0.11h) has also been deduced to predict values of refractivity, N for these stations up to a height, h of about 2 km above ground, for a given surface refractivity, NS. The values of refractive index gradients computed showed that the atmosphere over Minna was subrefractive during the dry season and superrefractive during the wet season periods of the years.Item Survey of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity in Sachet water Hawked in Minna, Niger State.(2009) Kolo, M. T.,; Baba-kutugi; OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; Sharifat, I.Item ESTIMATION OF PATIENTS’ ORGAN DOSES AND CONCEPTUS DOSES FROM SELECTED X-RAY EXAMINATIONS IN TWO NIGERIA X-RAY CENTRES(OXFORD, 2009-01-06) OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; OGUNDARE F,O,Nigeria X-ray centres, Niger State General Hospital (NGH) and Two-Tees (TTX), are reported. Air kerma was measured, and entrance surface dose (ESD) and half-value layer estimated for each set of tube potential (kVp), focus to skin distance and current–time product (mAs) used for each of the patients included in this study. Results show that the mean air kerma in the two centres are similar for the three projections considered in this study. Organ doses ranged from <0.01 to 2.18 mGy in NGH and from <0.01 to 1.29 mGy in TTX for examinations of the abdomen, from <0.01 to 0.20 mGy in NGH and from <0.01 to 0.13 mGy in TTX for examinations of the skull and from <0.01 to 3.90 mGy in NGH and from <0.01 to 1.96 mGy in TTX for examinations of the chest. Generally, no significant difference is seen between the organ doses of male and female patients. In NGH, organ doses are generally greater than those from TTX for the three examinations. The mean ESDs for examinations of the chest postero-anterior, abdomen antero-posterior (AP) and skull AP are, respectively, 5.37, 6.28 and 4.24 mGy in NGH, and 5.82, 5.33 and 4.76 mGy in TTX. The ESDs reported in this study, except for examinations of the chest, are generally lower than comparable values published in the literature. Conceptus doses were also estimated for female patients using normalised published conceptus dose data for abdomen examinations. The estimated conceptus doses were >1 mGyeven when the conceptus was located 12 cm below the surface of the abdomen.Item PATIENT ENTRANCE SKIN DOSES AT MINNA AND IBADAN FOR COMMON DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS(BAYERO UNIVERSITY, 2009-06-14) SHARIFAT I; OLARINOYE, OYELEKEEntrance surface dose from two diagnostic x-ray centers in Nigeria for three common radiological examinations is presented in this study. Entrance surface doses for 294 patients drawn from Niger state hospital Minna and Two-Tees x-ray centre, Ibadan are included in this dose survey. The air kerma for each patient was measured using thermoluminescent dosimeter chips (TLD-100). The air kerma for each patient was then multiplied by a back scatter factor of 1.35 to obtain the Entrance surface dose. Generally doses obtained in this study were found to be higher than those in published works and International Atomic Energy Agency recommended limits for chest examination. The range factor at Niger State General Hospital was as high as 12 in some cases but as low as 1 in most cases at Two-Tees X-ray center. The doses obtained for skull and abdomen examination were found to be within acceptable International Atomic Energy Agency recommended limit.Item A protocol for setting dose reference level for medical radiography in Nigeria: A Review(BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO, NIGERIA, 2010-02-10) OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; SHARIFAT IPatients’ dose audit reports in some Nigerian hospitals had shown large inter- and intra-hospital variations for the same radiological examinations. They have thus presented the need, to have a national standard for radiological diagnostic procedures and set dose limits for individual x-ray examination centers in Nigeria. These will go a long way in reducing inter- and intra-hospital dose range factors, thus reducing doses to as low as reasonably achievable and consistent with clinical objectives of the examinations. In establishing a national dose limit for medical radiological examinations, there is a need to have a national dose survey. This paper suggests a Reasonable and easy procedure for achieving a national radiological dose survey. Due to its simplicity of measurement, the use of entrance surface dose as the dose parameter to be used for setting the dose limit as recommended by the European Union and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is also suggested. ESD can be measured directly through the use of solid state detectors, or indirectly by measuring free air exposure which can later be converted to ESD using standard formula. The methods of measuring the entrance surface dose and how to derive the dose limit from them are also highlighted.Item ATTAINMENT OF THE 7-POINT AGENDA IN NIGERIA THROUGH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY(The Nigerian Journal of Research and Production, 2010-04) Eze, C. N.The 7-point agenda of the Nigerian President, Musa Umaru Yar’adua is a suitable road map to the quick modernization and industrialization of Nigeria. The agenda touches on the most important aspects of the needs of the people of this country. For instance, adequate supply of power and energy, the effective modernization of education at all levels from primary to tertiary, the beefing up of the system of transportation throughout the country, the departure from the dependence on crude oil to new areas of employment and wealth creation such as in agriculture and solid minerals and the assurance of security especially in Niger Delta zone of the country – all these will give this country a new lease of life never experienced before. This paper, therefore, contains analysis of the bone of contention of the -point agenda as enumerated by the president himself. Namely, power and energy, food security, wealth creation, transportation, land reform, education and security as epitomized in the Niger Delta situation. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the issues involved in achieving the agenda, or otherwise, show the strengths and weaknesses of the various proposals, in relationship with the existing science and technology in this country at the moment, and finally draw conclusion and make recommendations. The science and technology available in this country has already produced very formidable manpower that can handle Nigeria’s current state of development. If, however, there are certain rare areas where suitable technology is not available, the country is rich enough to pay for technology transfer from outside. The re-branding of Nigeria now in progress, though not part of the 7-point agenda, has created excellent opportunities for smoothening the rough edges of the agenda and, hopefully, will act as icing sugar and finishing touches to it. Keywords: Science and technology, the 7-point agenda, development, Nigerian government and the masses.Item A Sixth Order Implicit Hybrid Backward Differentiation Formulae (HBDF) for Block Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations(American Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 2012) Muhammad R; Yahaya.Y.AThe Hybrid Backward Differentiation Formula (HBDF) for case K=5 was reformulated into continuous form using the idea of multistep collocation. Multistep Collocation is a continuous finite difference (CFD) approximation method by the idea of interpolation and collocation. The hybrid 5-step Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF) and additional methods of order (6,6,6,6,6,)𝑇𝑇 were obtained from the same continuous scheme and assembled into a block matrix equation which was applied to provide the solutions of IVPs over non-overlapping intervals.The continous form was im-mediately employed as block methods for direct solution of Ordinary Differential Equation (𝑦𝑦′=𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥,𝑦𝑦)). Some benefits of this study are, the proposed block methods will be self starting and does not call for special predictor to estimate 𝑦𝑦’ in the integrators and all the discrete methods obtained will be evaluated from a single continuous formula and its derivatives at various grids and off grid points. These study results help to speed up computation, also the requirement of a starting value and the overlap of solution model which are normally associated with conventional Linear Multistep Methods were elimi-nated by this approach. In conclusion, a convergence analysis of the derived hybrid schemes to establish their effectiveness and reliability was presented. Numerical example carried out on stiff problem further substantiates their performance.Item Exploration of Groundwater within the Mariam Babangida Girls Science Secondary School Minna, NorthCentral Nigeria Using Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding Techniques(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 2012-08) Momoh, O. L.; Amadi, A. N.; Abdulfatai, I. A.; Omanayin, Y. A.; Onoduku, U. S.; Onah, M.A Geoelectrical investigation adopting Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding (VES) have been carried out to explore for groundwater within the premises of Mariam Babangida Girls Science Secondary School, Bosso, Minna, Niger State. This is with a view of to resolve the problem of acute water shortages experienced by the staff and students of the institution. The area lies within the basement rock complex of North Central Nigeria with biotite granite and muscovite granite constituting the main lithological units. The survey was carried out using ABEM SAS 300C Terrameter along five (5) established traverses with 40 m maximum electrode separation. The VES data were analyzed and interpreted through curve matching and the use of Resist software to obtain the geoelectric parameters. These were used in constructing the 1D geoelectric sections and the isopach map. The geoelectric sections revealed the presence of four geo-electric layers namely the top soil, the weathered layer, the partly weathered/fractured bedrock and the resistive bedrock. The contoured depth to bedrock contour map reveals a significant linear feature delineated by the VES as fractures beneath T2V7, T2V8 and T3V9 and is filled with clayey substratum except T3V9 that are characterized by clayey sand materials. T3V9 is therefore recommended for drilling and groundwater development to a depth of about 30 m. however, the groundwater potential of the study area is generally low.Item Approximate Solution of SIR Infectious Disease Model Using Homotopy Pertubation Method (HPM).(Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 2013-11-20) Abubakar, Samuel; Akinwande, N. I.; Jimoh, O. R.; Oguntolu, F. A.; Ogwumu, O. D.In this paper we proposed a SIR model for general infectious disease dynamics. The analytical solution is obtained using the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). We used the MATLAB computer software package to obtain the graphical profiles of the three compartments while varying some salient parameters. The analysis revealed that the efforts at eradication or reduction of disease prevalence must always match or even supersede the infection rate.Item Integrated Geological and Geotechnical Properties of Subsoil for Shallow Foundation Design for M. I. Wushishi Housing Estate, Minna, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria(Centre for Human Settlements and Urban Development Journal (CHSUDJ), Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2013-12) Omanayin, Y. A.; Abdullahi, I. N.; Amadi, A. N.; Momoh, O. L.; Abdulfatai, I. A.A study of the geological and geotechnical properties of subsoil for shallow foundation design was carried out in the proposed site for the M. I. Wushishi Housing Estate in Minna, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria. The main aim of the research was to ascertain the lithological and structural characteristics of the study area in order to recommend the suitable shallow foundation design for the proposed building construction. The general geological mapping of the area revealed that the area is underlain by three lithologic units: Granite, Gneiss and Schist of Nigerian Basement Complex while the study area is predominantly underlain by Schist rock belonging to the Kushaka Formation. The principal joint direction in the area from rosette diagram is NW-SE. The area is generally low-lying and accessible through Eastern Bye-pass and Maitumbi road. The soil is heterogeneous when correlated laterally from trial pits. Both disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected and subjected to laboratory and sieve analysis. The liquid limit ranged from 12.00-37.00 with a mean value of 23.85 while the plastic limit varied from 7.27-30.73 with an average value of 17.17. The plasticity index varies from 1.79 to 15.13 with a mean value of 6.66 while the shrinkage potential ranged from low to medium. The maximum dry density ranged between 1.66-1.95 mg/m3 with the mean value of 1.81 mg/m3 while the optimum moisture content ranged from 8.70-21.37 with an average value of 15.16. The natural moisture content is in the order of 11.52-29.86 % with a mean value of 21.08 %. The particle size distribution curve shows that the area is sand dominated. Based on the field and laboratory results, shallow foundation (pad/strip) can be adopted for lightly loaded structures not exceeding an allowable bearing capacity of 150KN/m2 while deep/pile foundation are advocated for heavily loaded structures. Keywords: Foundation Design, Geological, Geotechnical, M. I. Wushishi Housing Estate, Minna, North-Central NigeriaItem Bifurcation Analysis on the Mathematical Model of Measles Disease Dynamics(Horizon Research Publishing Co., Ltd., 2013-12) Samuel Abubakar; Ninuola Ifeoluwa Akinwande; Sirajo Abdulrahman; Festus Abiodun OguntoluIn this paper we proposed a Mathematical model of Measles disease dynamics. The Disease Free Equilibrium (DFE) state, Endemic Equilibrium (EE) states and the characteristic equation of the model were obtained. The condition for the stability of the Disease Free equilibrium state was obtained. We analyze the bifurcation of the Disease Free Equilibrium (DFE) and the result of the analysis was presented in a tabular form.Item DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF BLOCK IMPLICIT HYBRID BACKWARD DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAE FOR STIFF PROBLEMS(Nigerian Journal of Mathematics and Applications, 2014) MUHAMMAD, R.; YAHAYA, Y. A.; IDRIS L.The Hybrid Backward Di erentiation Formula (HBDF) for the case k = 3 was reformulated into continuous form using the idea of multistep collocation. The continuous form was evaluated at some grid and o grid points which gave rise to discrete schemes employed as block methods for direct solution of rst order Ordinary Di erential Equation y0 = f(x; y). The requirement of a starting value and the overlap of solution model which are associated with conventional Linear Multistep Methods were eliminated by this approach. A convergence analysis of the derived hybrid schemes to establish their e ec- tiveness and reliability is presented. Numerical example carried out on sti problem further substantiates their performance.Item Bacteriological and Physico-chemical Analysis of Well Water from Villages in Edati, Niger State, North-central Nigeria(International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 2014-03) Amadi, A. N.; Ameh, I. M; Ezeagu, G. G.; Angwa, E. M.; Omanayin, Y. A.The physico-chemical and bacteriological properties of water from hand-dug wells from villages in Edati communities was evaluated in this study. The water samples were analyzed in accordance with the standard procedures for water analysis. The results of the physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis revealed that all the parameters were below the maximum permissible limit for a safe drinking water recommended by Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality except iron, manganese, E.coli and total coliform whose concentration in some locations were higher than the acceptable limit. The high iron and bacterial coliform may be attributed to the shallow well depth, distance to pit latrine/soakaway, improper well construction, inadequate of well lining and land use system in the area. The results obtained indicates that the groundwater quality of Edati fall between the maximum permissible limit of NSDWQ. It is therefore recommended that provision of hand dug wells and boreholes in this area should not be in proximity with the pit-latrines, septic and dump sites. Keywords:- Quality analysis, Well-water, Edati community, Niger State, NigeriaItem Improving the stoichiometry of RF-sputtered amorphous aluminathin films by thermal annealing(2015) OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; F.O. OGUNDAREHigh quality alumina thin films weredeposited on glass substrate by reactive radio-frequency sputtering. The de position process and rate were controlled by radio-frequency power and reactive gas (oxygen) flow rate. The re lationships between O/Al ratio contents and the structural, electrical resistivity and optical parameters of the films were investigated. The O/Al of the films varied with change in oxygen flow ratio, power density and post deposition annealing. The structure and phase of the filmswere unaltered as the deposition parameters and post depositionannealing up to 573 Kwerevaried. O/Al of 1.5 was obtained at oxygen flow ratio of 11%, radio-frequency power of 250 W and post deposition annealing of 573 K. The sheet resistance of the films were all very high but the same within experimental uncertainties. The optical parameters (transmittance, refractive index and extinction coefficient) of the films varied considerably and dependedonthe films’ stoichiometryItem Determination of the Radiological Risk Associated with Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) at Selected Quarry Sites in Abuja FCT, Nigeria: Using Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy(2015) H. O. Shittu1,; OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; A. N. Baba-Kutigi; S. F. OlukotunThe concentrations of natural radionuclides (238U, 232Th and 40K) in the granite rocks of major quarry sites in Federal Capital Territory, (FCT), Abuja was determined by gamma ray spectroscopy using a well calibrated NaI (Tl) detector system. The range of activity concentrations of (238U, 232Th and 40K) were found to be (37.41 ± 5.41 to 110.16 ± 7.50, 64.13 ± 15.99 to 349.11 ± 69.44 and 323.99 ± 3.73 to 2727.95 ± 14.69) Bq.kg-1 respectively. The total average of 238U, 232Th and 40K were found to be 74.74 ± 5.67. 199.23 ± 43.30 and 1021.27 ± 7.14 Bq.kg-1 respectively, which are high when compared with worldwide average of 33, 45 and 412. The high value is attributed to geology of the areas where the granites is mined and varies from different quarry sites. The radium equivalent activity concentration was found in the range from 331.50 to 529.91 Bqkg-1, the absorbed dose rate was found to be in the range from 148.72 ± 30.69 to 243.78 ± 30.49 nGyh-1 with an average value of 197.45±29.06 nGyh-1, and the outdoor annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) was found to vary from 0.13 to 0.38 mSvy-1, which is below the safety limit of 1 mSv.y-1 as recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection [19]. Also, the internal and external hazard indices were found to be more than unity, suggesting that workers and people living in such site could be exposed to radiological hazard.Item Formulation Of A Standard Runge- Kutta Type Method For The Solution First And Second Order Initial Value Problems(Researchjournali’s Journal of Mathematics, 2015-03) Muhammad R.; Y. A Yahaya; A.S AbdulkareemIn this paper, we present a standard Runge-Kutta Type Method (RKTM) for . The process produces Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF) scheme and its hybrid form which combined together to form a block method. The method is reformulated into a Runge-Kutta Type of the same step number for the solution of first and second order (special or general) initial value problem of Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE).Item A Mathematical Model of a Yellow Fever Dynamics with Vaccination(Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics, 2015-11) F. A. Oguntolu; N. I. Akinwande; S. A. Somma; F. Y. Eguda; T. T. AshezuaIn this paper, a mathematical model describing the dynamics of yellow fever epidemics, which involves the interactions of two principal communities of Hosts (Humans) and vectors (mosquitoes) is considered. The existence and uniqueness of solutions of the model were examined by actual solution. We conduct local stability analysis for the model. The results show that it is stable under certain conditions. The system of equations describing the phenomenon was solved analytically using parameter-expanding method coupled with direct integration. The results are presented graphically and discussed. It is discovered that improvement in Vaccination strategies will eradicate the epidemics.Item Litho-Geochemistry, Petrogenesis and Mineralisation Potential of Amphibolite-Schists Around Gadaeregi Area, North-Central Nigeria(Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2017) Olose, M. A.; Abdulkadir, H.; Chaanda, M. S.; Alaku, I. O.; Omanayin, Y. A.; Iyah, R. O.Abstract This study investigated the geochemical compositions of Amphibolite-schists around Gadaeregi area of North Central Nigeria to establish the petrogenetic evolution, geotectonic setting and associated potential mineralization. It was carried out across an area of 134.4km2 within Bida sheet 184 NE on a scale of 1: 25, 000. The area is bounded by latitudes 9o 22ꞌ 00ꞌꞌN - 9o 28ꞌ 00ꞌꞌN and longitudes 6o 17ꞌ 00ꞌꞌE - 6o 24ꞌ 00ꞌꞌE. Systematic field investigation was carried out which revealed that the area is underlain majorly by migmatite-gneiss, amphibolite schist and granite. Ten (10) samples of amphibolite-schist were subjected to geochemical analysis with reference to major oxide and trace elements using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Plotting the geochemical results on typical discrimination diagrams revealed that the amphibolite-schists are of calc-alkaline and tholeiitic affinity. It shows a sedimentary origin, basaltic/andesitic progenitor and mixed (continental and oceanic) tectonic setting. Furthermore, the mineralization potential of the area was noted by comparing the result of trace elements in this study with their respective established crustal abundances, hence, Pb, Ag, Bi, Hg, Re, Pd, Ru and Au showed considerable anomalous concentrations in all/or some of the samples, though Au showed highest anomalies. This agrees with the fact that potential mineralization of Au is generally high within the schist belts of Nigeria. It is highly recommended that high resolution sampling at a larger scale be made to delineate the points with high prospects. Keywords: Gadaeregi, Amphibolite-Schist, GeochemistryItem Effects of Undesired Course of Study on Students' Academic Achievement in Nigeria Using Binary Logistic Regression(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education, 2017-09) O. M. Adetutu; F. A. Oguntolu; U. AbdullahiThis study was conducted to examine the effects of undesired course of study on students' academic performance in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The questionnaire method was used with stratified sampling scheme. The questionnaire was administered to 400 students in Federal University of Technology, Minna Nigeria. Factors such as gender, age, satisfaction and the course of study were examined whether these factors were having effect on students' academic performance. The student cumulative grade point average (CGPA) was used as a measure of academic performance. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression and the results revealed that satisfaction with course of study and undesired course of study affected students' academic performance. However, age and gender difference did not affect students' academic performance.