School of Infrastructure Process Engineering and Technology (SIPET)

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School of Infrastructure Process Engineering and Technology (SIPET)

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND LARGE CENTRAL ISLAND ROTARIES IN MINNA, NIGERIA
(SAVAP International, 2013) Abubakar, Mahmud; Ndoke, P. N.
Of recent, the government of Niger state has embarked on the construction of roundabouts with small central island rotaries; this paper compares the performance of large central island rotaries with small central island rotaries. The performance of large central island rotaries compares well to the performance of small central island rotaries. Capacities of rotaries with small islands were found to be higher than capacities of large central island rotaries while the delay for large central island rotaries was found to be higher than that of small central island rotaries. However, both large and small central island rotaries were found to be operating at the same level of service. This study provides recommendations to traffic engineers and/or planners on the conditions under which both central island rotaries perform better and, thus, should be considered.
EVENT RECONSTRUCTION BY INVERSE METHODS
(2014) O. A. Olugboji; J. Y. Jiya
This work deals with an inversion technique that was developed to reconstruct a pulse after it has propagated along a pipe; a complex pulse that is progressively distorted as explained. The technique developed makes use of the theory of inverse problems
Problem of calculating time delay between pulse arrivals
(American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 2015) O. A. Olugboji; J. Y. Jiya; C. K. Ajani
This work compares the performance of four different methods of estimating the time delay between pulse arrivals at the sensors subjected to different levels of attenuation, distortion and noise. The accuracy of the calculated time between the pulse arrivals at the sensors is determined and analysed for each of the methods based on the ideal attenuation (no change in shape), ideal attenuation with added noise to the pulse signal and ideal attenuation but with distortion. Based on the analysis carried out, it is clear the cross correlation method gives the best estimate of the delay in pulse arrival times irrespective of the signal to noise ratio and so is the preferred technique used in the remainder of this research.
Design and Construction of a Spring Stiffness Testing Machine
(American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 2015) O. A. Olugboji; M. S. Abolarin; J. Y. Jiya; G. M. Alaya; C. K. Ajani
A spring stiffness testing machine was produced which differentiates a good spring from bad one using hydraulic principle and locally sourced materials were used to produce at relative low cost and high efficiency. It also categories each spring by stiffness into one of several distinct categories based on its performance under test. This is to ensure that in the final assembly process, springs with similar performance characteristics are mated to ensure a better ride, more précised handling and improved overall vehicle or equipment performance. The construction of the machine involves basically the fabrication process which includes such operation as cutting, benching, welding, grinding, drilling, machining, casting and screw fastening. Taken into consideration under test, were types of compression springs with varying spring loading and their different displacement recorded at different pressures to compare their stiffness.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF HYDROPOWER GENERATING PLANTS
(International Engineering Conference (IEC), 2015) J. Y. Jiya; A. Nasir; H. U. Ogboo; A. Salihu
This paper studies the performance of ahydropower scheme in Nigeria which contributes to an acute electricity supplyand has effects on the country’s development. This does not only restrict the socioeconomic activities to basic human needs, but also adversely affecting the quality of life too.The expected full load installed capacity for the hydropower scheme is 522.74MW but the generated capacity for the period under review is 305.147MW. Only about 40% of the installed capacity was available. Average Capacity factor for this hydropower scheme is 47%, min. of 25% in 2014 and max. of 83% in 2013 as against the industrial best practice of 50 – 80%.Total generation reduction due to downtime of the hydropower scheme is 28165773MWh amounting to 53% of the total installed capacity. Based on Power generation reduction of 53% the loss of revenue in naira was about 186 Billion naira.To improve the annual power generation, a complete overhauling of all the generators and adequate water management practice must be in place so that the available water can sustain generation throughout the year.
Characterization and Management of Solid Waste Generated in Nasarawa LGA in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
(Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 2016-01-18) Nasir, .A.; Kasimu, .U.; Bori Ige; Mohammed, .A.
Solid wastes constitute a significant amount to environmental hazard in the society. The need to characterize solid wastes as an initial step to proffer solution to the problem of solid waste management cannot be over emphasized. In Nasarawa local government area (LGA) in Nasarawa state, the solid waste materials are characterized into six (6) different materials type which includes paper/cardboard, plastic food pack/plastic bottles, metal cans, food waste, polythene bags/polystyrene food pack and other combustible miscellaneous waste material. The waste characterization shows that Polythene bags/polystyrene food packs constitute the highest waste of 141.09 kg/day collected during the study period. This is followed by food waste with 130.37 kg/day. Plastic food pack/plastic bottles, metal cans, paper/cardboard and others has 64.64 kg/day, 59.39 kg/day, 53.51 kg/day and 29.15 kg/day respectively. The non-biodegradable wastes such as polythene bags/polystyrene food pack, plastic food pack/plastic bottles and metal cans constitute about 56 % (257 Kg/day) of the total waste collected during the study period. It is recommended that Nasarawa state waste management scheme should include the adoption of 3R’s methods scheme for reducing the biodegradable waste components and also employed for reducing the non-biodegradable waste components.
ENERGY UTILIZATION, CONSERVATION AND AUDITING IN NIGERIA CEMENT INDUSTRY
(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), FUT Minna, 2016-03-15) Nasir, .A.; Bori Ige; Enitilo, .T.; Azeez, .O. S.; Muhammed, .A.
Manufacturing of cement is identified as one of the most energy intensive industries in the world. Therefore, there is a need for its effective and efficient utilization and hence conservation. In order to produce clinker, rotary kilns are widely used in cement plants. This study takes a look at the energy source, utilization and conservation in a Cement Company in Nigeria. The company’s energy source was determined, utilization pattern investigated and possible areas of energy conservation considered. The rotary kiln of this plant where the large form of energy is consumed has a capacity of 6000 tonnes per day. It was found that about 20% of the total input energy was being lost through hot flue gas (5.09%), cooler stack (12.4%) and kiln shell (2.61% convection and radiation). To recover some of this heat energy loses, a feasible energy management method was introduced and discussed. Findings showed that approximately 4MW of electrical power could be recovered through conservation and proper energy management.
A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF DEGRADATION ON INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE
(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), FUT Minna, 2016-03-15) Nasir, .A.; Usman, .S. A.; Mohammed, .A.; Muhammed, .S. N.; Bori Ige
Component degradation is a very common problem associated with operating industrial gas turbines. The major components so affected by this phenomenon are compressor, combustor and turbine blades. This paper studied the effect of degradation on gas turbine performance. The study involved the analyses of operating parameters effects for Siemens gas turbine engines model SGT5 – 2000E coded GT11 and GT21 in the power stations at Geregu power stations. The parameters considered were ambient temperature, exhaust temperature, combustion chamber pressure and turbine entry temperature, GT11 is degraded while GT21 is newly installed engine both in the same location at Geregu I and II power stations in Ajaokuta, Kogi State in the North central part of Nigeria.Simulations were carried out using Gas turb 11 simulation software, results of engine performance parameters were compared and it was revealed that due to component degradation, the turbine entry temperature (TET) increased to 1049.67oC, the fuel flow increased by 8.49% and power fell by 7.14%. Consequently, the cost of power loss is one hundred and eighty-seven million, one hundred and eleven thousand, seven hundred and fifty-three naira ninety-two kobo (₦187,111,753.92k) over a period of one year for the degraded gas turbine.
Analysis of Exhaust Gas Emissions from Gasoline engine-powered passenger vehicles in Nigeria
(International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 2016-04-22) Nasir, .A.; Bori Ige; Shiru, .B. S.; Mohammed, .A.
Emissions from vehicles in developing country constitute a large percentage of global emissions. The study involved the analysis of exhaust emissions using a gas analyser. The vehicles studied are mini buses and private vehicles of different model of carswhich constitute about 80% of the vehicles on Nigeria roads. It was established that the main types of exhaust gases from the automobiles were CO2, NO2, CO, and O2. The highest emission of CO2 was found to be 413.13 mg/m3 in the 2007 Peugeot car model. The highest exhaust gas emission of NOx, O2 and CO was discovered in the 1998 Honda passenger car model and recorded as 40.23 mg/m3, 45.41mg/m3 and 192.43 mg/m3respectively. The study of emissions will spur further studies on more efficient combustor design aimed at minimizing emissions.
Effects of Generating Plant Noise on Humans and Environment
(International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 2016-05-26) Babawuya, .A.; Bori Ige; Bako, .M. D.; Yusuf, .S. A.; Jibrin, .A.; Elkanah, .A. J.; Mohammed, .A.
Noise measurements were taken in the morning, afternoon, evening, and night to determine the extent of noise pollution all over the city. A calibrated sound level meter was used to measure the generating plant noise. The equivalent sound levels (Leq) were measured at 20 different locations, between 8 a.m and 10 p.m. High noise levels were observed throughout the town. The data obtained was analysed and the results then compared with world health organization standard. The noise equivalent level varied between 99.4 and 83.2 dBA. The results of the study established the fact that generator noise levels are more than the acceptable limit of 60 dBA, thatis the daytime government prescribed noise limit for residential and commercial areas. The reaction of the residents to generating plant noise was monitored with a total of 300 questionnaires. The results of the interview questionnaire revealed 97% of the people classified the noise in their street as very high while 3% says it is low. And also the respondents answered that noise bother them more in day and night while 11% of the respondents say it is only in the night only. The main outcomes of exposure to generating plant noise were loss of sleep, hearing loss, annoyance and disturbance.
Case Hardening of Mild Steel Using Animal Bone, Charcoal and Sea Shells as Carburizers
(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), FUT Minna, 2016-08-24) Muriana, .R. A.; Bori Ige; Abubakre, .O. K.; Abu, .J. O.; Sani, .C. E.
Samples of Mild steel were treated in carburizing media which included animal bone, wood charcoal and sea shells at varied temperatures. Micro structural analyses, chemical composition tests, and mechanical properties tests were carried out on the carburized samples. Results indicated that the treated samples could be used in local production of some engineering components such as gears in place of imported components where hardness is considered together with toughness. The case hardening of the mild steel with charcoal granules gave the highest carburization of 0.905% on the surface with the highest hardness value of 69.3 HRA.
Probability based design of concrete mixes with cow-bone ash admixed cement
(Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 2017) Abubakar, Mahmud; Mohammed Abdullahi; James Isiwu Aguwa
A probability-based procedure for design of concrete mixes with cow-cone ash admixed cement has been developed considering the strength as a random variable. However, the compressive strength of concrete in turn, depends on the properties of its constituent materials: cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cow-bone ash. The compressive strength data generated experimentally has been analysed using normal-probability distribution functions based on 95% confidence interval. The proposed probability based design was compared to the method of trial mixture. It was observed that for reliability index (β) of 1.3, the proposed probability methodology uses 10.2% less cement content than the method of trial mixture; thus, indicating that the method is conservative. It was also observed that, for concrete grade 25, the proposed methodology gives higher compressive strength at both 7 and 28 days. Hence, the probability-based design procedure was found appropriate and is therefore recommended for the design of concrete mixes with cow-bone ash admixed cement.
Comparative Assessment of Macroscopic Traffic Flow Properties Estimation Methods: A Case for Moving Car Observer Method
(ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL, 2017) Hassan Shuiabu Abdulrahman; A. A. Almusawi; Abubakar, Mahmud
Different methods of estimating macroscopic traffic properties is expected to have varying results even when they are carried out on the same road and during the same time interval. A comparative assessment was carried out between traffic data collected at a point and that collected over a short section; Moving car observer method(MCO). Student’s t-test was used to evaluate both data and it was observed that there was no significant difference between them. The MCO method correlates well with conventional data collection method and it can be used as a substitute for it, assuming conventional data collection method is true
Development of an Android Based Mobile Application for Design and Detailing of Pad Foundations to BS8110
(Epistemics in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2017) Yusuf, A.; Aminulai, H. O.; Abdullahi, A.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Alhaji, B.
Many innovative computer software have been developed to perform the task of designing and detailing structural elements such as beams, columns, slabs and foundations. This design and detailing can be done using mobile devices but software developed to operate on such devices have not been fully developed. However, this research is aimed at developing an android based mobile application for the design of pad foundations to Bs8110. The mobile application developed designs isolated axially loaded-only; axially loaded with moment pad footings as well as combined pad footings. The mobile application developed was tested using three typical test parameters and results compared to the manual computations. There was no significant variation in the steel sections required and provided for the manual design and that generated by the mobile application. The steel required by manual design for the axially loaded pad footing was 835mm2/m and that generated by the application was 837.2mm2/m. That of the axially loaded with moment gave required steel section as 1019mm2/m using manual design. This android based mobile application would thus give the structural engineer the leverage to design pad footings anywhere and anytime.
Development of Sensitivity based Model for Flexural Failure of Singly Reinforced Concrete Slabs Based on BS 8110: 1997
(. Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), 2017-03-22) Tsado, T.Y.,; Sadiku, S.,; Iorkar, A.; Kolo, D. N.
This research presents mathematical models for checking the effect of variation in key designed parameters on the structural collapse of singly reinforced concrete solid slabs in buildings due to flexural failure based on British Standard (BS) 8110, 1997. The increasing complexity of construction process requires very high level of engineering and management skills to combat the structural collapses widely experienced globally. Most of the collapses were adjudged to be due to improper management arising from variations in structural key design parameters during construction, and this call for mathematical models to check the effect of variation in key design parameters on the structural collapse. The key design parameters considered in this research are; characteristic strength of reinforcement, grade of concrete, diameter and spacing of tension reinforcement, effective depth of tension reinforcement, applied moment. Sensitivity analysis was applied to study the effect of variation in the key parameters on the moment capacity. The results of sensitivity analysis were utilized in regression analysis to develop simplified equations for estimating the moment capacity of the slab. Computer programme was developed based on BS 8110, 1997 standard using Java to verify the model. Flexure safety factor was also checked based on BS 8110, 1997 requirements. Forty five numerical examples were taken to validate the model with the developed computer programme at 5% significance level using Chi-squared as an instrument for sensitivity-based model for flexural failure of singly reinforced concrete slab. The results show that the model is adequate at 5% significance level for checking flexural failure of singly reinforced concrete slab at construction stage based on BS 8110, 1997. It was recommended that the construction practitioners should consider the diverse effect of change in key deigned parameters during construction, otherwise the developed model should be strictly considered for quick safety check especially deflection safety of a solid slab during construction.
Enhancing the Cavitation Erosion Resistance of 304 Stainless Steel by Laser Surface Alloying with Molybdenum
(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), FUT Minna, 2017-08-24) Bori Ige; Muriana, .R. A.; Man, .H. C.; Okegbile, .O. J.; Ayo, .S. A.; Babawuya, .A.
Type 304 stainless steel is the most versatile and widely used austenitic stainless steel, it accounts for more than 50% of all stainless steel produced. It is commonly used in liquidhandling equipment, house hold utensils and lot of applications in almost every industry. However, poor surface properties in terms of wear resistance, due to its low hardness made it susceptible to cavitation erosion, which is a usual mode of degradation of engineering parts in contact with fast-flowing or vibrating liquids. This work is an attempt to improve the cavitation erosion resistance of 304 stainless steel by laser surface alloying with Molybdenum (Mo). This was made possible by using a 2kW continuous wave Nd-YAG laser. The alloying powder was placed in advance on the surface of the substrate by pasting to a thickness of 0.1mm, followed by laser beam scanning at an optimal speed of 20 mm/s and 30 mm/s (each at a beam diameter of 3mm) and a laser power of 1.2kW, in order to achieve surface alloying and modified surfaces were obtained by 50% overlapping of adjacent tracks. The microstructure and composition of modified layer were also studied for more insights. Ultrasonic induced vibrator tester was used to carry out cavitation erosion test. Cavitation erosion resistance (Re) was observed to have increased with the Mo content in the alloyed layer, the Re of the specimens modified with Mo was improved by a factor of 1.4 (for v = 20 mm/s) and 1.5 (for v = 30 mm/s), when compared with that of the as-received 304 stainless steel substrates.
Pedestrian-level Air Flow and Ventilation around Adjacent Buildings in Step-up Configuration
(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), FUT Minna, 2017-08-24) Ayo, .S. A.; Mohd-Ghazali, .N.; Bori Ige
The outdoor air ventilation impact of a taller building at a downwind location in a layout of two adjacent buildings in different step-up configurations is presented in this paper. The criteria for ventilation assessment adopted are dimensionless parameters called velocity ratio (VR) and air ventilation rate (AER), and the parameters examined are the separation distance (WV) between the buildings and the ratio of height of downwind building to that of upwind building, herein referred to as building height ratio (HR). A three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation employing the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation and Realizable k-ε turbulence model was used to study the turbulent flow field around various full-scale size configurations of the adjacent buildings. Results show that while VR generally increases with height ratio, it increases with separation distance until a certain maximum distance which depends on the height ratio. AER on the other hand generally increases with height ratio, but decreases with separation distance. The results indicate that greater air motion is induced at the pedestrian level as the height of the downwind building increases, and greater rate of air flow is exchanged between the buildings cavity and the surroundings. Based on the VR results obtained for the building configurations examined, a separation distance of between 18 m and 30 m is proposed for configurations 2.0 ≤HR≤ 3.0, and between 18 m and 24 m for configurations HR = 1.0 and 1.5, to maximally invigorate the pedestrian-level air flow.
Development of a Solar Water Distiller and Laboratory Analysis of the Product
(ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD), 2018) H. Adamu; O. A. Olugboji; O. Adedipe; J. Y. Jiya
In spite of the significance and availability of water, only an approximate value of about 1% is portable. Distillation processes which comprise evaporation and condensation in a box like machine called Solar Water Distiller was adopted for distilling unsafe to safe drinkable water in our homes. The design method adopted for the machine was energy method/balancing equation. The developed machine is a single stage distiller which is fabricated using local available materials. The heat energy required for powering the solar water distiller was 337.2 W/m2. This was the quantity of energy per unit time and area required for distilling the water based on average room temperature of 28.6 oC. The machine has capacity of average daily capacity of 28 litres as distillate water volume within 6.68 hours. It has design capacity of producing 4.2 litres per hour at minimum wind speed of 5.75m/s. The results show that produced machine has 75% efficiency with quality drinkable water that satisfied condition of Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality NSDWQ (2007) rating.
Durability Characteristics of Lateritic Subgrade Treated with Iron Ore Tailings and Lime Exposed to Moisture Fluctuations
(. Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), 2018-02-11) Mohammed, A. M.; Amadi, A. A.; Aguwa, J. I.; Kolo, D. N.
This research evaluated the durability of lateritic subgrade treated with Iron Ore Tailings (IOT) and lime exposed to moisture variations. Representative sample of the subgrade was treated with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% IOT and optimal lime percent (6.2%) determined through Eades and Grim pH test. Preliminary tests such as particles size distribution, Atterberg limits and compaction were conducted to characterize the mixtures while Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and CBR-swell tests were carried out to access durability of the soil mixtures. Addition of lime to the soil increased the liquid limit to 45% from 36% obtained in natural soil. Similarly, the plastic limit of the lime-treated sample increased from 16 to 26% with reduced plasticity index. While the natural soil exhibited CBR of 3 and 75% for soaked and unsoaked specimens respectively, the value increased and peaked at 11 and 118% with addition of lime and 15% IOT. Durability of the soil improved with addition of IOT and lime. 15% IOT and lime treated soil recorded the best results with UCS of 240 kN/m2 and 200% Relative Volumetric Stability (RVS), which is a measure of strength loss of a soil. Similarly, swell value of 0% was recorded when the lime-IOT samples were subjected to CBR-Swell test. This shows that the lime-IOT treated samples are less vulnerable to moisture condition normally prevalent in the pavement subgrades.
IMPROVEMENT OF HEAT DISSIPATION RATE OF AN AUTOMOBILE BRAKE DRUM USING FINS INCORPORATION
(Bartin University, Turkey, 2018-12-31) Bako, .S.; Bori Ige; Musa, .N.; Nasir, .A.
The concept of incorporation of fins in automobile brake drum came up as a measure to subdue or address the thermal problems associated with it, which ultimately leads to brake failure. In order not to compromise the original weight of brake drum,1/10th of the overall wall thickness of the brake drum was converted into fins on the outer surface of the brake drum for effective heat dissipation. Modeling and simulation analysis were carried out using Solidworks (2013) software, on both the existing and modified brake drum, followed by validation using theoretical finite element analysis. The minimum temperatures observed from the simulation analysis were 4935K and 4927K for the existing and the modified brake drum model respectively. While maximum von Mises stress were 22, 378.9 N/M2 and 21, 971.2 N/M2 and the maximum displacements were 5142 x 10(-5)and 5102 x 10(-5) for the existing and the modified brake drum model respectively. This implied that the modified brake drum have improved strength and better heat dissipation rate than the existing model.