School of Infrastructure Process Engineering and Technology (SIPET)
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School of Infrastructure Process Engineering and Technology (SIPET)
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Item A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF DEGRADATION ON INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), FUT Minna, 2016-03-15) Nasir, .A.; Usman, .S. A.; Mohammed, .A.; Muhammed, .S. N.; Bori IgeComponent degradation is a very common problem associated with operating industrial gas turbines. The major components so affected by this phenomenon are compressor, combustor and turbine blades. This paper studied the effect of degradation on gas turbine performance. The study involved the analyses of operating parameters effects for Siemens gas turbine engines model SGT5 – 2000E coded GT11 and GT21 in the power stations at Geregu power stations. The parameters considered were ambient temperature, exhaust temperature, combustion chamber pressure and turbine entry temperature, GT11 is degraded while GT21 is newly installed engine both in the same location at Geregu I and II power stations in Ajaokuta, Kogi State in the North central part of Nigeria.Simulations were carried out using Gas turb 11 simulation software, results of engine performance parameters were compared and it was revealed that due to component degradation, the turbine entry temperature (TET) increased to 1049.67oC, the fuel flow increased by 8.49% and power fell by 7.14%. Consequently, the cost of power loss is one hundred and eighty-seven million, one hundred and eleven thousand, seven hundred and fifty-three naira ninety-two kobo (₦187,111,753.92k) over a period of one year for the degraded gas turbine.Item ENERGY UTILIZATION, CONSERVATION AND AUDITING IN NIGERIA CEMENT INDUSTRY(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), FUT Minna, 2016-03-15) Nasir, .A.; Bori Ige; Enitilo, .T.; Azeez, .O. S.; Muhammed, .A.Manufacturing of cement is identified as one of the most energy intensive industries in the world. Therefore, there is a need for its effective and efficient utilization and hence conservation. In order to produce clinker, rotary kilns are widely used in cement plants. This study takes a look at the energy source, utilization and conservation in a Cement Company in Nigeria. The company’s energy source was determined, utilization pattern investigated and possible areas of energy conservation considered. The rotary kiln of this plant where the large form of energy is consumed has a capacity of 6000 tonnes per day. It was found that about 20% of the total input energy was being lost through hot flue gas (5.09%), cooler stack (12.4%) and kiln shell (2.61% convection and radiation). To recover some of this heat energy loses, a feasible energy management method was introduced and discussed. Findings showed that approximately 4MW of electrical power could be recovered through conservation and proper energy management.Item DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SMALL SOLAR POWERED AIR BLOWER FOR CHARCOAL FIRED FURNACE(JOURNAL OF THE NIGERIAN INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 2019-09-30) Muhammad, .A. B.; Nasir, .A.; Ayo, .S. A.; Bori IgeIn Nigeria almost all the local foundry shops rely on the manually operated blowers for supplying air for the combustion of the charcoals to melt metals. This manually operated blower has showed that much man-hour is required during firing as one laborer is dedicated to driving the rotary blower. This is labourous and reduces the rate of productivity of the enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to find easier ways of supplying the energy required for the combustion so as to increase productivity. A solar powered blower is designed and constructed in this work. The performances of manually operated and solar powered air blowers are compared. Performance results of the manually operated air blower showed that it takes about 67 minutes and 42 minutes to melt 4kg of aluminum and zinc respectively. On the other hand, for the solar-powered air blower, it takes about 30 minutes and 17 minutes to melt 4kg of aluminum and zinc respectively. This indicates that the solar-powered air blower takes a shorter time to melt metals when compared with the manually operated air blower. In addition, the solar powered air blower eliminates the laborious aspect of supplying energy for melting metals and also reduces the times spent in metal melting process.Item INVESTIGATION OF PRESSURE TRANSIENTS AND WAVE PROPAGATION EFFECTS IN A PRESSURIZED PETROLEUM PIPELINE USING WANDA TRANSIENT SOFTWARE(Nigeria Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Research (FUT Yola), 2019-05-04) Muhammad, .A. B.; Nasir, .A.; Ayo, .S. A.; Bori IgePressure transients and effects of wave propagations due to instantaneous valve closure in a pipeline transporting premium motor spirit (PMS) were investigated using simulation approach in this paper. Pressure transient investigation and analysis are often more significant than the steady state analysis that hydraulic Engineers usually use in pipeline design because almost all pipelines experience pressure transient in their operations. Pressure transient analysis helps to understand the additional loads a pipeline can be subjected to as a result of instantaneous valve closures. In this paper, WANDA Transient 4.5.1210 commercial software was used for the analysis of the pressure transients due to instant valve closure in a petroleum pipeline. Three different instantaneous valve closure times of 4.5, 9 and 18 seconds were used in this investigation. It was observed in this research that rise in pressure is highest (1304 kPa) at node F (the node where the valve closure takes place) against the inlet pressure of 120 kPa and also there is drastic drop in pressure (-53.7 kPa) at node B (a node just upstream end of the pump). Also cavitations were observed at Node B due to the development of negative pressure as a result of the valve closure. The research recommends that surge tank should be installed at node F to stabilize the pressure surge and also air vessels are to be installed at node B to curtail damages due to cavitations.Item HEAT TRANSFER IN COOLED AERO-DERIVATIVE TURBINE BLADE: A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS(Journal of NIMechE, 2019-03-15) Orah, A. .M.; Nasir, .A.; Hassan, .A. B.; Bori IgeAero-derivative gas turbines have found extensive applications as mechanical drives and in medium-sized utility power plants. It has a higher efficiency due to its high pressure and temperature operations; hence, the need for proper cooling techniques to achieve the required creep life and attain reliability. In this paper, the heat transfer in a cooled aero-derivative gas turbine blade is determined numerically using the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) scheme of Computational Fluid Dynamics. The convective heat transfer coefficient of the governing Newton’s law of cooling equation is the basis. A solver was developed for the heat transfer problem based on the selected boundary conditions and designed cooling parameters of the GE PGT25+ aero-derivative gas turbine to obtain the temperature distribution within a cooled blade for 30 minutes in-service operation. There is no significant change in the temperature profiles across the nodal points, varying between 90oC – 600oC. The temperatures within the blade are significantly constant throughout the operating time of the turbine blade, inferring that there was effective heat transfer from the blades to the cooling air since the temperature variation did not exceed the melting point of the blade material. The ADI strategy is, therefore, suitable for heat transfer design computations for complex systems like the gas turbine engine.Item Hydraulic Transient Analysis in Fluid Pipeline: A Review(JOURNAL OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION , ATBU, BAUCHI, 2019-12-19) Muhammad, .A. B.; Nasir, .A.; Ayo, .S. A.; Bori IgeHydraulic transient is an important phenomenon in the pipeline transportation system that have adverse and catastrophic effects on the most susceptible pipeline components such as valve, pumps, pipes as well as the environment. The major causes of hydraulic transients are sudden or abrupt valve closure or pump failures as a result of power outage. The major challenges of transient analysis techniques are to optimally achieve a balance between accuracy of results obtained from the analysis and simplicity of the adopted techniques in analyzing both complex and simple pipeline networks. In order to attain this fit many researchers have proposed, developed and used different models and algorithms to this regards. This paper surveys various transient analysis techniques, model and algorithm for protection of pipeline network system with a view of achieving optimal trade-off between transient analysis techniques used and the type of fluid flow pipeline analyzed. Performance and limitations of some of the previous works are identified. Finally, future investigations on petroleum and its products were recommended.Item Characterization and Management of Solid Waste Generated in Nasarawa LGA in Nasarawa State, Nigeria(Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 2016-01-18) Nasir, .A.; Kasimu, .U.; Bori Ige; Mohammed, .A.Solid wastes constitute a significant amount to environmental hazard in the society. The need to characterize solid wastes as an initial step to proffer solution to the problem of solid waste management cannot be over emphasized. In Nasarawa local government area (LGA) in Nasarawa state, the solid waste materials are characterized into six (6) different materials type which includes paper/cardboard, plastic food pack/plastic bottles, metal cans, food waste, polythene bags/polystyrene food pack and other combustible miscellaneous waste material. The waste characterization shows that Polythene bags/polystyrene food packs constitute the highest waste of 141.09 kg/day collected during the study period. This is followed by food waste with 130.37 kg/day. Plastic food pack/plastic bottles, metal cans, paper/cardboard and others has 64.64 kg/day, 59.39 kg/day, 53.51 kg/day and 29.15 kg/day respectively. The non-biodegradable wastes such as polythene bags/polystyrene food pack, plastic food pack/plastic bottles and metal cans constitute about 56 % (257 Kg/day) of the total waste collected during the study period. It is recommended that Nasarawa state waste management scheme should include the adoption of 3R’s methods scheme for reducing the biodegradable waste components and also employed for reducing the non-biodegradable waste components.Item Analysis of Exhaust Gas Emissions from Gasoline engine-powered passenger vehicles in Nigeria(International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 2016-04-22) Nasir, .A.; Bori Ige; Shiru, .B. S.; Mohammed, .A.Emissions from vehicles in developing country constitute a large percentage of global emissions. The study involved the analysis of exhaust emissions using a gas analyser. The vehicles studied are mini buses and private vehicles of different model of carswhich constitute about 80% of the vehicles on Nigeria roads. It was established that the main types of exhaust gases from the automobiles were CO2, NO2, CO, and O2. The highest emission of CO2 was found to be 413.13 mg/m3 in the 2007 Peugeot car model. The highest exhaust gas emission of NOx, O2 and CO was discovered in the 1998 Honda passenger car model and recorded as 40.23 mg/m3, 45.41mg/m3 and 192.43 mg/m3respectively. The study of emissions will spur further studies on more efficient combustor design aimed at minimizing emissions.Item IMPROVEMENT OF HEAT DISSIPATION RATE OF AN AUTOMOBILE BRAKE DRUM USING FINS INCORPORATION(Bartin University, Turkey, 2018-12-31) Bako, .S.; Bori Ige; Musa, .N.; Nasir, .A.The concept of incorporation of fins in automobile brake drum came up as a measure to subdue or address the thermal problems associated with it, which ultimately leads to brake failure. In order not to compromise the original weight of brake drum,1/10th of the overall wall thickness of the brake drum was converted into fins on the outer surface of the brake drum for effective heat dissipation. Modeling and simulation analysis were carried out using Solidworks (2013) software, on both the existing and modified brake drum, followed by validation using theoretical finite element analysis. The minimum temperatures observed from the simulation analysis were 4935K and 4927K for the existing and the modified brake drum model respectively. While maximum von Mises stress were 22, 378.9 N/M2 and 21, 971.2 N/M2 and the maximum displacements were 5142 x 10(-5)and 5102 x 10(-5) for the existing and the modified brake drum model respectively. This implied that the modified brake drum have improved strength and better heat dissipation rate than the existing model.Item Simulation of a Wet Cylinder Liner(International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019-07-25) Bako, .S.; Usman, .T.; Bori Ige; Nasir, .A.This paper presents modeling and simulation of automobile engine wet-cylinder liner. The wet-cylinder liner is a cylindrical vessel in which the piston makes a reciprocating motion. Its function is to retain the working fluid and to guide the piston. The cylinder liners are subjected to high structural and thermal stress which leads to its deterioration and engine failure. This paper aimed at investigating the impact of this structural and thermal stress acting on the cylinder liner. Structural and thermal simulation was carried out using Solidworks (2013) software. The simulation result shows that the wet-cylinder liner is subjected to harmonic vibration during the engine operation due to the stresses acting on it. This vibration leads to the formation of vapour bubbles in the water jacket of the engine which leads to cavitation. This hammering and explosive effect (cavitation) of these bubbles on the cylinder liner is the main causes of pitting and corrosion on the cylinder liner. The steady state and transient thermal analysis shows that the convective cooling of the cylinder liner decreases inversely with time and this leads to accumulation of heat in the automobile engine. This accumulated heat energy is the major causes of high frictional wear, cracking of the cylinder liner and other thermal problems of the engine. However, the simulation results shows that the wet-cylinder liners are subjected to structural and thermal failure, if detailed design and material selection are not properly carried out.