School of Infrastructure Process Engineering and Technology (SIPET)
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School of Infrastructure Process Engineering and Technology (SIPET)
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Item Catalytic Degradation of Polyethylene to Gas Oil using Synthesized Clay Based Copper Modified Catalyst(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), 2015-04) Babatunde, E. O.; David, I.; Olutoye, M. A.; Akpan U. G.; Eterigho Elizabeth JumokeIn this study local clay was pretreated, characterized, modified and used as catalyst for the degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The raw clay was thermally treated at 800 °C for 4 h in a furnace which was later modified by incorporating copper into it through impregnation method. The functionalities of the catalyst were determined based on their characterization. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, X-Ray Florescence and surface area determination were done for both the raw clay and modified catalysts. Characterization of the catalysts revealed that the interaction between CuO/clay formed a synergetic mixed oxides and this is an important factor to its catalytic activity. The product obtained was analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and the product was mainly composed of hydrocarbons in the carbon range of C- C, which is the hydrocarbon range of gas oil (diesel) fraction. Also, the data obtained showed that at catalyst loading of 1.0 g, 5.0 g of polyethylene feedstock and reaction temperature of 250 °C, the yield of gas oil was 50.22%. The catalyst easily separates from the product mixture.Item Effect of Modification on Conventional Preparation Method for Sulphated Zirconia on the Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester(Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2014-06) Eterigho, Elizabeth Jumoke; Farrow, T. Salome; Ogbuka, P. ChidiSulphated zirconia was synthesized using different volume of sulphating agent in order to optimize its catalytic property: (1) in the first case the “conventional” 15 ml H2SO4 to 1g of Zr(OH)4 for impregnation was used in wet-precipitation method and the catalyst designated ‘wp’ and (2) same procedure but with modification in volume of acid; 2 ml of H2SO4 was used for 1g of Zr(OH)4, ‘mwp’. The properties of the uncalcined and calcined catalysts were examined by various techniques: EDX, XPS, XRDP, Py-DRIFTS and BET nitrogen adsorption techniques. The sulphur content in the uncalcined (‘mwp’ and ‘wp’) catalysts was the same; 0.07 mol each whereas the calcined catalysts were 0.07 mol and 0.05 mol for ‘mwp’ and ‘wp’ respectively. BET surface area was determined to be 65.0 m2/g for wp and 101m2/g for ‘mwp’. The effect of the variation of sulphating agent on the catalyst activity was investigated in catalytic cracking of triglycerides for fatty acid methyl esters. Sulphated zirconia from the modified conventional method was found to perform better than the conventional wet-precipitated sulphated zirconia. Furthermore, ‘mwp’ retained approximately 74 % of its sulphur content after 3 h reaction whereas ‘wp’ catalyst lost 100% during the reaction as indicated by SEM-EDX. Interestingly, the results show variation in characterization and in their selectivity to different types of fatty acid methyl esters under the same reaction conditions. The ‘mwp’ catalyst showed higher catalytic activity for methyl ester yield of 40 % as well as higher selectivity for saturated methyl estersItem Canarium Shwelfurthll (Persley) A Source of Vegetable Oil(Journal of Applied Science and Education (JASAE), 2002) Eterigho E. J.Indirect leaching was used to extract oil from Canarium shwelfurthll (commonly called Persley fruit). The leaching was carried out in three stages at different particle sizes and time. From the analysis, particle size 0.250mm gave the highest yield, which are 31.50%, 37.80%, 42.30% and 42.38% at various time for the three stages respectively. The extracted persley oil was characterized. "The saponification value was 191.44, while the acid was 0.622, peroxide 10.42, iodine 86.04 and free fatty acid 1.41 respectively. The specific gravity and refractive index were 0.912 and 1.466 respectively.Item Characterization and Management of Solid Waste Generated in Nasarawa LGA in Nasarawa State, Nigeria(Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 2016-01-18) Nasir, .A.; Kasimu, .U.; Bori Ige; Mohammed, .A.Solid wastes constitute a significant amount to environmental hazard in the society. The need to characterize solid wastes as an initial step to proffer solution to the problem of solid waste management cannot be over emphasized. In Nasarawa local government area (LGA) in Nasarawa state, the solid waste materials are characterized into six (6) different materials type which includes paper/cardboard, plastic food pack/plastic bottles, metal cans, food waste, polythene bags/polystyrene food pack and other combustible miscellaneous waste material. The waste characterization shows that Polythene bags/polystyrene food packs constitute the highest waste of 141.09 kg/day collected during the study period. This is followed by food waste with 130.37 kg/day. Plastic food pack/plastic bottles, metal cans, paper/cardboard and others has 64.64 kg/day, 59.39 kg/day, 53.51 kg/day and 29.15 kg/day respectively. The non-biodegradable wastes such as polythene bags/polystyrene food pack, plastic food pack/plastic bottles and metal cans constitute about 56 % (257 Kg/day) of the total waste collected during the study period. It is recommended that Nasarawa state waste management scheme should include the adoption of 3R’s methods scheme for reducing the biodegradable waste components and also employed for reducing the non-biodegradable waste components.Item Modeling the Energy Content of Municipal Solid Waste (A Case Study of Minna Metropolis)(African Journal of Renewable and Alternative Energy (AJRAE), 2019-07-11) Ibrahim, .M.; Babawuya, .I.; Enagi, .I.; Mohammed, .A.; Suleiman, .I.; Bori Ige; Garba, .M. U.Waste management has assumed importance due to environmental hazards and rapid depletion of the resources of almost all the minerals. Considering the bulk quantity which form the waste in municipal areas, its utilization is posing a challenge to the environment and our natural resources. A physical characterization was performed in 120kg of MSW sampled for one week. Also an ultimate analysis was carried out on 2kg sample of waste mixed thoroughly. The results of physical characterization show there are 30.58% of paper, 29.53% of plastic, 17.17% of food waste, 32.83% of polythene, 16.42% of metals and 18.58% of glass wastes respectively. Also the ultimate analysis shows that there are 36.53% of carbon. 10.09% of Nitrogen, 3.39% of Hydrogen, and 1.10% of Sulphur, 37.37% of ash content and 11.52% of oxygen content respectively. About 23,450kg of waste was open dumped by NISEPA trucks during the study period. A HHV of 5840659.35KJ/120kg was obtained, and it was also found that approximately 488MW of electricity could be generated from waste materials dumped at the landfill annually.