School of Infrastructure Process Engineering and Technology (SIPET)
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School of Infrastructure Process Engineering and Technology (SIPET)
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Item Comparison of Drying Shrinkage Models of IOT Concrete(Conference: 2nd International Engineering Conference (IEC 2017) Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2017) Oritola, S. F.; Abd Latif, Saleh; Abdul Rahman, Mohd.Sam; Abubakar, Mahmud; Alhaji, B.Problems associated with drying shrinkage of concrete is still a major source of concern in the construction industry. Due to the hygral nature of concrete, particularly the instability of the volume as a result of drying shrinkage, concrete will crack at any stage during its service life. The depletion of the environment due to huge consumption of sand for construction is another major problem. Iron ore tailings (IOT), an industrial waste, generated during the production of iron ore is utilized in concrete to lessen the environmental problems. The iron ore tailings was sourced from a local iron ore producing mine and the material was used as partial replacement for sand to produce normal weight concrete. The drying shrinkage of this concrete was compared with that of the control normal weight concrete. The ultimate drying shrinkage of the concrete samples were further studied, using three prediction models. The inclusion of iron ore tailings as fine aggregate in concrete contributed to reduction of the drying shrinkage recorded at 28, 56 and 90 days as well as the ultimate drying shrinkage. The drying shrinkage of concrete and the predicted ultimate drying shrinkage recorded by the B3 and GL2000 models agreed more closely, as compared with the recorded values obtained using ACI209R model.Item Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate With Waste Glass in Concrete Made From Bida Natural Aggregate(3rd International Engineering Conference (IEC 2019) Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2019) Alhaji, B.; Kolo, D. N.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Yusuf, A.; Abdullahi, A.; Shehu, M.This study reports the experimental investigation on the suitability of waste glass as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete made using Bida natural aggregates (BNA). Glass is widely used in our daily lives through manufactured products such as sheet glass, bottles, glassware, and vacuum tubing. It is an ideal material for recycling. The increasing awareness of glass recycling speeds up inspections on the use of waste glass with different forms in various fields. Mix ratio of 1:2:4 batched by weight with water - cement ratio of 0.55 was used. The percentage replacement varied from 0% to 40% at 5% intervals. Slump test was conducted to assess the workability of the fresh concrete. The compressive strengths and densities of cured concrete cubes of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were evaluated at 7, 21 and 28days. A total of 81 concrete cubes were cast and tested. It was observed that an increase in the percentage replacement of fine aggregate with waste glass reduces workability, density and compressive strength. The compressive strength and density vary with days of curing. The findings of this study indicated that the optimum replacement percentage of waste glass with conventional fine aggregate was 20%. However, waste glass can effectively be used as fine aggregate replacement (up to40%) without substantial change in concrete strength.Item Effect Of Water Cement Ratio On The Compressive Strength Of Revibrated Concrete(Environmental Technology and Science Journal, 2015) Auta, S. M.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Yusuf, A.Effect of water cement-ratio on compressive strength of re-vibrated concrete is presented. The mix proportion of 1:2:4 aggregates were considered to cast 39 cubes each as laboratory specimen with 0.65, 0.70 and 0.75 water-cement ratios. Each of these categories were revibrated at time lag intervals of 10minutes for 120 minutes period of revibration process and cured for 7, 21 and 28 days. When tested for their respective compressive strength, the result obtained shows that there is a gradual increase in compressive strength of the concrete specimen with increase in time and in water-cement ratio. The maximum compressive strength at 120th minute for ages of 28 days are 25.42, 26.67 and 40.44N/mm2 for concrete with water-cement ratio of 0.65, 0.70 and 0.75 respectively. The maximum attained compressive strength for 28 days curing is 40.44N/mm2 (for 0.75w/c) appears to be higher than 25.42N/mm2 (for 0.65 w/c). Water-cement ratio has adversely enhanced the compressive strength of concrete when re-vibrated.Item Design of A Composite Traffic Control System at Kpakungu Roundabout Minna, Niger State(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), 2016) Kolo, S.S.; Adeleke, O. O.; Ayeni, S. J.; Akinmade, T.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Yusuf, A.A composite traffic control method is proposed to control traffic and ease congestion especially during peak periods at Kpakungu roundabout in Minna, Niger state. Reconnaissance survey of the roundabout was carried out to note predominant directions of traffic flow from each approach to the roundabout; manual counting of traffic for five working days was done between 7:00 am to 12 noon and 3:00 - 7:00 pm daily. The result of the survey shows that congestion occurs at the roundabout between 7:45 - 9:30 am and between 5:00-6:30 pm every day. Results also show that the peak hourly traffic flow rate occurs between 8:00 and 9:00 am, and 5:00 to 6:00 pm daily. The result of the traffic count was then forecasted for 2-years using data on annual vehicle registration in Minna for 2011 to 2015 obtained from the Niger State Board of Internal Revenue Service. The Webster method of signal timing was used to design traffic signals that will optimally allocate right of way time to conflicting traffic streams. A 5-phase signalization of 90- and 97-seconds cycle lengths were proposed for morning and evening peak periods, respectively.Item Experimental Utilization of Urine to Recharge Soil Microbial Fuel Cell for Constant Power Generation(2017-02-20) Simeon, Meshack Imologie; Raji O. AThe simplicity of the soil-based microbial fuel cells (MFCs) makes them very attractive, as perhaps the only natural components they need to run are nutrient-rich soil combined with water to form mud. However, the MFC will cease to produce electricity when the soil runs out of its nutrient-rich characteristics and bacteria. It is against this background that this study was designed to investigate the possible utilization of urine to recharge soil MFCs that have run out of their nutrient-rich characteristics. The mud-watt MFC was utilized for this study. It was run continuously for forty days until the power output was nearly zero. Fresh urine was then introduced into the soil, and the power output was determined. The initial (24 hours after set-up) open circuit voltage (OCV) was 219 mV. A maximum OCV of 731 mV was obtained on day 14 of the study. The OCV of the MFC was 7.31 mV on day 40 before the injection of urine into the soil. Twenty-four hours after the ejection of urine, the OCV was 360 mV and rose to 407 mV forty-eight hours later. The OCV remained constant at this value for fifteen days, after which urine was reinjected. The voltage drop across seven external loads also showed a similar trend. This study has demonstrated that fresh urine can be successfully utilized to recharge a soil-based MFC that has run out of its nutrient-rich characteristics.Item Extraction and Characterization of Cashew Nut (Anacardium Occidentale) Oil and Cashew Shell Liquid Oil(Academic Research International, 2014-05) Idah, P. A.; Simeon, Meshack Imologie; Mohammed M. A.This study was carried out to extract oils from cashew shell and its kernel and to characterize the oils, with the view to ascertaining their suitability for consumption and other uses. The Soxhlet apparatus was used for the extraction using hexane as solvent. The physical and chemical properties of the extracted oil were analyzed. The percentage of oil extracted from the shell of the cashew was found to be 25.5%, while that extracted from the kernel was 11.8%. The results of the physical analysis showed that the cashew kernel oil (CKO) is light yellow, while the Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is dark brown. The boiling points for shell and kernel oil were 92 0c and 95 0c, respectively. The cashew kernel oil is non-toxic, and the properties of CNSL conformed, to a greater extent, to those exhibited by linseed oil. This suggests its application in the processing and manufacturing industries. The kernel oil confirmed both in its physical and chemical properties to those of groundnut and melon oil, and thus could be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.Item Performance of a Single Chamber Soil Microbial Fuel Cell at Varied External Resistances for Electric Power Generation(Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment, 2017-02-14) Simeon, Meshack Imologie; Raji O. A.; Agidi Gbabo; Okoro-ShekwagaSoil is beginning to attract research attention as a suitable inoculum for Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) designed for remediation and electricity generation, probably due to its high microbial load. However, not much has been done in this aspect beyond laboratory-based experiments. This study was aimed at generating electricity from agricultural soil, utilizing the microorganisms present in the soil, and investigating the performance of the soil MFC across varied external loads. The study used the MudWatt MFC kit inoculated with mud prepared from topsoil collected from a garden. The electrodes, made from carbon felt material with conducting wires made from graphite, were housed in the same chamber and placed 4cm apart. Voltage drops across seven external resistances of 4670, 2190, 1000,n470, 220, 100, and 47 Ω were measured every 24 hours, with a digital multimeter, for 40 days. The maximum open-circuit voltage from this study was 731 mV, whereas the maximum power density was 65.40 m/Wm2 at a current density of 190.1mA/m2. The optimum performance of the MFC was achieved with the 470Ω at an internal resistance of 484.14 Ω. This study revealed that MFCs constructed from agricultural topsoil are capable of producing electrical power continuously, across different external loads, without the addition of any substrate. However, there is a need for further studies to keep the MFC output constant at the maximum achievable power.Item Biogas Production from Rumen, Municipal and Co-Digested Substrates: An Opportunity for Small and Medium Scale Entrepreneurs (SME)(APWEN International conference (a division of NSE) Kano, 2017-09) Habibu, Uthman; Musa, Michael Adeiza; Eterigho, E. J.Comparative study of anaerobic digestion of Rumen, municipal w a s t e and co-digested feedstock was investigated. 10kg each of rumen, municipal waste and co-digested feedstock each was used in a 30 litres anaerobic digester. The digester was loaded batch wise for 3 0 retention day runs up to 80% volume of the digester nominal volume. The cumulative biogas production was recorded as 181900, 217350 and 180250 ml/g VS-1 respectively. Methane composition of the various biogas was 56.42, 55.81 and 58.820 % untreated biogas samples. The treated s c r u b b e d water produced a burning gas with m e t h a n e composition 84.08,51.54 and 95.518 % respectively for the feedstock. Co-digested s u b s t r a t e d o e s n o t actually have any significant effect on production and composition of the gas produce. Since waste raise a major environmental concern, these simple steps could be exploited by small and m e d i u m scale entrepreneurs (SME), an alternative to convert waste into fuel that c a n be tremendously useful as renewable fuel source especially for domestic and industrial use.Item Sulphated Zirconia Catalyst Prepared from Solid Sulphates by Non-aqueous Method(Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), 2017) Eterigho, Elizabeth J. Eterigho; Farrow, T. S.; Ejejigbe, S. E.Non-crystallinesulphated zirconia catalysts were synthesised by a non-aqueous and non-conventional method. The effect of varying the molar ratio of sulphating agent to zirconium source was also investigated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Infra-red Spectroscopy (IR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The surface acidity was measured by the Pyridine-DRIFTS (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy) technique. The structural and textural properties of the sulphated zirconia were studied. The EDX and XPS profiles suggested that both sulphated zirconia catalysts have similar zirconia and sulphate structures; however, both catalysts were amorphous. Deconvolution of their XPS O 1s spectra showed that the samples contained both oxide oxygen of zirconium and sulphate oxygen, which sample I showed a higher amount of sulphate oxygen. Adsorption of pyridine into the samples indicated that the higher amounts of Brönsted acid sites are presented in sample I with lower amount of sulphate during preparation. This opens up the possibility of controlling the degree and type of active sites on a catalyst by the amount of sulphate used for preparation. Sulphated zirconia catalyst with higher activity properties was achieved via a non-aqueous, environmentally friendly method. The zirconia catalyst has great contribution towards energy production which is used for preparation and transesterification of fatty acids for production of biodieselItem Transesterification of waste frying oil to methyl ester using activated Carbon supported Mg-Zn oxide as solid-base catalyst(1st International Engineering Conference (IEC) Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2015) Olutoye, M. A.; Eterigho, Elizabeth Jumoke; Suleiman, B.; Adeniyi, O. D.; Mohammed, I. A.; Musa, U.An activated carbon-supported Mg-Zn catalyst (Mg-Zn/AC) was prepared by using co-precipitation combined with incipient wetness impregnation methods. The catalyst structure was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), its microstructure was studied by the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and the catalytic performance toward synthesis of methyl esters from waste frying oil (WFO) was investigated. The properties studied provided insight into the catalytic performance of the catalyst whereby the large surface area and pore volume of the support facilitated the distribution of metal particles and high dispersion of metals. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained by varying parameters such as methanol to oil ratio, catalyst loading, temperature and time. Under the conditions of reaction time of 5 h, temperature, 150 °C and catalyst dosage of 2.5 wt%, the methyl ester yield of >86% was achieved using 64 g of WFO, 38 g of methanol. The results showed that Mg-Zn/AC catalyst presented efficient activity during the transesterification reaction and is a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the production biodiesel fuel from vegetable oil feedstock.