School of Infrastructure Process Engineering and Technology (SIPET)
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School of Infrastructure Process Engineering and Technology (SIPET)
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Item A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GRILLAGE METHOD AND BEAM LINE ANALYSIS OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE WAFFLE BRIDGE DECK(2023) Adamu, H. N.; Abbas B.A.; Abubakar, M.; Yusuf, A.; Kolo, D.N.; Shehu, M.The analysis of a reinforced concrete waffle bridge deck using Chanchaga Bridge as a case study was carried out with the aid of computer programme written in MATLAB. The bridge deck which is a beam bridge was idealized to be a waffle slab. A mathematical model of the bridge was developed using the method of grillages because very complex shapes of problem domain with prescribed conditions can be handled easily using the method. The bridge deck was modelled as interconnection of grid elements. The analysis was carried out using direct stiffness matrix method. The nodal displacements and the resulting static internal forces; shear forces, bending moments and twisting moments of each grid element were determined using the matrix. The results obtained using the method of grillages were then compared with beam line analysis and the former method gave a 10% decrease in forces which will result in the reduction of overall design and materials by 10%.Item A Fundamental Review of Trends in Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Introduction of Buffer Layers to Enhance Stability(JOURNAL OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION, 2020) J. Y. Jiya; J. S. Enaburekhan; M. T. Jimoh; E. C. EgwimPerovskite solar cells (PSCs), as photo-electric conversion devices, exhibit adequate power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low processing cost and have thus become one of the most promising devices to replace conventional silicon-based solar cells thereby addressing current prevailing energy issues. Despite rapid progress in the perovskite solar cell efficiency, there have been concerns about issues which could affect the measurement accuracy and/or practical applications of these devices, amongst which are stability, scaling up (large area devices), and possible environmental effects related to the use of lead-based active material. Current PSCs use nonbiodegradable petroleum-based polymer substrates, discarding of which will aggravate environmental pollution. In this study, a review of the fundamentals and progress in the perovskite solar cell (PSC) is discussed. The processing cost of metal electrode deposition in PSC is very costly, hence, the replacement of the metal electrode by some other low-cost counter electrode is discussed.Item Analysis of Safety Performance in Nigerian Construction Industry(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), 2018-02-22) Kolo, D. N.,; Tsado, T. Y.,; Abdullahi, M.,; Yakubu, D.M.,; Aguwa, J. I.The quest for the provision of adequate housing for all has translated to the increase in activities of Building construction industry in Nigeria. This growth is accompanied however with cases of poor safety performancewhich at times leads to structural failure. This study investigates and analyses safety performance in Nigerian construction industry. Investigatory survey research method (work study) was adopted to appraise the aim and objectives of the study through field and questionnaire approach. Questionnaire survey consisting of a five point Likert scale was conducted to solicit information from the respondents, and a total of 120 questionnaires were issued to construction professionals and workers on the sites visited. 92 questionnaires representing 76.67% response rate were retrieved and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Communalities test, Principal Component Analysis along with ANOVA were utilised for data analysis. A total of thirty-two (32) factors influencing safety performance were identified from literature, subsequently principal component analysis was utilised to reduce the list to nine (9) significant principal factors. The top nine principal factors influencing safety performance determined from the research are: Relationship between Supervisors and Employees on site, Geographical Location (Environmental Factors: Natural and Working Environment), Working Procedure, Ear defenders not worn (while working under noisy equipment), Talk by Management on Safety, Tidy Site, Safety Communication, Operatives job experience and Ladders used without being tied secured. These factors were further incorporated into a regression model. The adjusted coefficient of determination of the model was 0.98; this shows that the model has the capability of explaining 98% of variability in the data under consideration. This implies that the model is adequate in evaluating safety performance. It is therefore recommended that key industry professionals and stakeholders should channel available resources to the determined nine (9) principal safety performance factors.Item Application of urine as fuel in a soil-based membrane-less single chamber microbial fuel cell(AgricEngInt: CIGR Journal, 2019-04-30) Simeon, Meshack Imologie; Otache, Matins Yusuf; Ewemoje, Temidayo Abayomi; Raji, Abdulganiy OlayinkaMicrobial fuel cell (MFC) technology is a promising bio-technology that utilizes the microorganisms in organic wastes to generate electricity. Although human urine has been identified as a suitable substrate in MFCs, its possible utilization in a soil-based membrane-less single chamber microbial fuel cell (MSCMFC) for constant power generation has, hitherto, not been reported. In this study, an MFC was set up with mud as inoculum in a plastic cylindrical vessel using carbon felt electrodes. It was operated for 19 days (456 hours) without extra substrate. Then, the MFC was treated with human urine (as substrate) four times (Days 19, 24, 32, and 36), each time the MFC output stabilized across external loads. A control MFC (MFCcontrol) was made the same way and operated under the same conditions, but without the addition of urine. Both MFCs were operated for 40 days. The initial open circuit voltage (OCV) of the MFC treated with urine (MFCurine) was 227 mV, and that of the MFC control was 219 mV. Both MFCs produced overlapping OCVs to the point of adding urine. The maximum OCVs of MFC control and MFCurine prior to treatment were 729 mV and 740 mV, respectively. The OCV of MFCurine increased to a maximum value of 755 mV, four days after the initial treatment (day 23). At the final stage (Day 40), the OCV of MFCurine was 474.64 mV; whereas the corresponding value for MFCcontrol was 7.31 mV. A microchip was used to amplify the output of the MFCs to power a light-emitting diode. In addition, MFCurine was used to power a digital clock/thermometer. This study showed that human urine can be successfully utilized as fuel in a soil-based MSCMFC for the production of electrical energy, which can be boosted to power low-energy utility devices in farms or homes.Item Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination on Dumpsite in Kuyi Village, Niger State, Nigeria(International Journal of Research in Chemical, Metallurgical and Civil Engineering. (IJRCMCE), 2016) Iyakwari, Joseph; Agbajelola, D. O.; Farrow, T. S.; Eterigho, Elizabeth JumokeSoil samples collected from the dumpsite located in Kuyi village, Minna, Niger State were analyzed for copper (Cu), iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn) using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Twenty-one (21) sample points both horizontally and vertically (depth) were studied. The results revealed that Mn had the highest concentration (11.6mg/kg) compared to Cu and Fe2+. However, it was observed that a minimal reduction in concentration of each metal along the surface of the dumpsite occurred. Interestingly, the concentration of Fe at all points was relatively high (5.54mg/kg, 4.67mg/kg, 3.99mg/kg and 3.78mg/kg). Based on the Federal Environmental Protection Agency and Land Disposal Restriction Standard Regulation, this metal could have adverse effect on human health, stream and agricultural activities of villagers around the dumpsite.Item Biogas Production from the Co-digestion of Cow dung and poultry Droppings Using a Plastic Cylindrical Digester(2017-07-13) Simeon, Meshack Imologie; Edache, Julius; Eyeowa, AdegokeThis study was carried out to compare the rate and amount of gas produced from the codigestion of two different substrates of cow dung and poultry droppings under anaerobic conditions. Biogas production from three(3) cylindrical bio-digesters containing cow dung, poultry droppings, and a mixture of cow dung and poultry droppings under an average temperature of 28 oc and a pH of 6.2 was examined. In each case, the feedstock was diluted with an equal volume of water to form a slurry. The digestion took place for 35 days. The biogas produced during this period was collected by the balloon method and subsequently measured and recorded. The results obtained from this study show that the co-digestion of cow dung and poultry droppings yielded a maximum volume of 2.62 cm³, while poultry droppings yielded 2.50 cm³ and cow dung yielded 1.78 cm³. Thus, the co-digestion of the feedstocks gave a better gas production, and the mean biogas yield was found to be significant (P<0.05) compared to each of the single substrates. This study has demonstrated that the co-digestion of cow dung and poultry droppings in a plastic cylinder could be a cheap method for locally producing biogas for domestic purposes. It is, however, recommended that gas production can be enhanced during hot seasons where higher temperature is easily attained.Item Development and Preliminary Testing of an Electronic Pest Repeller with Automatic Frequency Variation(International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology-Springer, 2013-01-01) Simeon, Meshack Imologie; Mohammed A.S.; Adebayo S. E.This study presents the development and preliminary performance evaluation of an improved electronic pest repeller with automatic frequency variation. The study is aimed at developing a device that is capable of emitting ultrasonic energy of varied frequencies. These frequencies do affect the auditory senses of pests such as rodents, avian, and nocturnal insects by making them uncomfortable in their abode. However, these frequencies do not affect the hearing ability of humans. An Astable Multi-vibrator (AMV), timer NE555, was used to generate the required ultrasonic frequency and automatically varied in five steps by a pulse generating IC (CA3130) and a counter (CD4017). A D-type flip-flop IC (CD4013) was used to obtain a symmetrical output signal, which was amplified in push-pull mode by 2-NPN Transistors (BD-139) and 2-PNP transistors (BD140). Five variable resistors (each 100KΩ) were used to control the different frequencies. Two transducers (tweeters) were employed to produce an efficient sound. The unit was tested with three groups of white foot mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and a female house mouse Mus musculus which all responded positively from a distance of up to fifteen (15) meters from the source. The average designed efficiency was found to be 86.5%. The device can be utilized by both small and large-scale farmers for repelling pests. The performance of the device could be greatly improved with little modifications, for instance, using microcontrollers and ultrasonic sensors to transmit the ultrasonic sound in a special frequency band.Item Development of a Test Rig for the Determination of Headloss and Friction Factor of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipes(Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, 2016) N. A. Musa; J. Y. Jiya; T. K. AderojuThis paper reports the design, construction and performance evaluation of a test rig for determining the head loss and friction factor of PVC pipes of different diameters (13mm, 19mm and 25mm) transporting water. On performance evaluation, friction factors of 0.0121, 0.0396 , 0.0171 and head losses of 37.8mm, 25.2mm and 12.6mm for 13mm, 19mm, and 25mm diameter PVC pipes respectively were obtained. Keywords: Head loss, friction factor, PVC pipes, test rig, waterItem DEVELOPMENT OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY (AA6061) COMPOSITES FOR AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST PIPE(Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Research,, 2025) A. A. Ishola, M. S. Abolarin, J. Y. Jiya, and K. T. ObanimomoThis research addresses the limitations of aluminium alloy AA6061 in withstanding the harsh conditions of automotive exhaust systems. The study aims to develop a composite material with enhanced mechanical strength and corrosion resistance by reinforcing AA6061 with kaoline ore and masquerade leaves. Using the stir casting method, the alloy was combined with the reinforcements and cast into molds. The results revealed that the developed composites showed improved properties compared to the base alloy. Hardness increased from 95.4 HBW to 102.7 HBW, tensile strength rose to 270 N/mm², and yield strength to 240 N/mm². Corrosion resistance was significantly enhanced, with potential ranging from -300 mV to -550 mV, compared to -90 mV to -250 mV for the unreinforced alloy. Microstructural analyses confirmed uniform reinforcement distribution. The study recommends further optimization of reinforcement ratios and casting parameters to maximize performance for automotive applications, particularly in exhaust systems.Item Drying kinetics, Energy requirement, Bioactive composition, and Mathematical Modeling of Allium Cepa Slices(2022-09-24) Asoiro, Felix; Simeon, Meshack Imologie; Azuka, Chinenye E.; Harami, SolomonItem Durability of Sun Dried Clay Bricks Admixed with Cow Cone ash for Sustainable Development(USEP: Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, 2022) Abubakar, M; Abdullahi, H; Yabagi, M; Adamu H.N.Housing has remained a major challenge in Nigeria because of the increasing population and cost of building materials. To tackle the problem of housing deficit in the country, the government of Nigeria for some time now has been clamoring for the use of local materials in the construction industry to limit costs of construction. Thus, this paper looks at the potential of using cow-bone ash (CBA) to improve the durability of sun dried clay brick for sustainable development. Consistency properties, shrinkage, compressive strength and crack behavior of clay-cow-bone ash bricks were investigated in accordance with relevant codes and standards. It was however observed that, consistency properties and shrinkage decreased with increased percentage cow-bone ash addition while compressive strength and crack improved up to 10% CBA addition indicating that buildings made of clay-CBA composite could be more stable and durable than the ones made from clay alone. It is therefore recommended that Cow-bone ash can be used to improve the durability of clay brick at optimum addition level of 10%. Clay brick admixed with cow bone ash strongly contributes to the attainment of 12 out of the 17 sustainable development goals.Item Effect of Aggregate Washing on Compressive Strength of Concrete produced Using Bida Natural Stone(Proceedings of the 2nd International Civil Engineering Conference, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria., 2020-02-01) Kolo, D. N.; Aguwa, J. I.; Tsado, T. Y.; Alhaji, B.; Joseph, O. F.Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, second to water as the most utilised substance on earth. Coarse aggregate is an essential component in concrete production; it has effect on the workability and mechanical properties of concrete. Bida Natural Stone (BNS) which is the by-product of Precambrian deposits of Bida trough was used as coarse aggregate, utilising unwashed and washed aggregates. A total of 80 concrete cubes of 150 × 150 × 150 mm were cast and used for this study, compressive strength tests were conducted after 28 days curing. The result of physical properties test conducted proved that BNS is suitable for concrete production. The result of compressive strength tests conducted shows that concrete produced using washed aggregate results in an increase in average compressive strength of about 11.46 % when compared to that produced using unwashed aggregate. Hence, construction professionals and workers utilising this aggregate (BNS) in the Bida basin are encouraged to practice aggregate washing before concrete works.Item Effect of Cutting Speed and Feed Rate on Tool Wear Rate and Surface Roughness in Lathe Turning Process(International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 2015) O. A. Olugboji; M. S. Abolarin; J. Y. Jiya; S. O. Popoola; C. K. AjaniMachining is a vital part of the production process in the manufacturing industries. Turing operation was carried out on the mild steel to produce shaft of various diameters. The conditions applied during the turning operation include varying the cutting speed and feed rate while keeping other cutting variables like depth of cut constant. The results affirms that an increase in the cutting speed causes a decrease in the tool life, increase in the feed rate also affects the surface finish obtained.Item Effect of floral locations on physicochemical and thermal honey bee properties.(AgricEngInt: CIGR Journal, 2022-03-30) Asoiro, Felix; Simeon, Meshack Imologie; Azuka, CEThe effects of floral location on the physicochemical and thermal parameters of honey bee samples from Enugu North senatorial zone were evaluated. For physicochemical properties, a 14×5×10 completely randomized design (CRD) with a total of 700 observations (14 physicochemical properties as responses × 5 levels of floral location as treatment × 10 replications) was conducted. For thermal properties, a 3×5×10 CRD with a total of 150 observations (3 thermal properties as responses × 5 levels of floral location as treatment × 10 replications) was also conducted. Floral location had significant effects (P≤0.05) on viscosity, electrical conductivity, sugar content, free acidity, ash content, moisture content, density, pH, colour, thermal heat conductivity and thermal heat diffusivity except, fructose/glucose (F/G) ratio and specific heat capacity. Viscosity of honey decreased as temperature increased with samples from Igbo-Eze South more viscose than those from other floral locations. Fructose had the highest mean value (35.26 g/100g), followed by glucose (31.92 g/100g) and sucrose (1.47 g/100g). All samples were generally acidic and of very high quality standard as Udenu, Igbo-Eze South and Nsukka honeys were adjudged extra white in colour, while Igbo-Eze North and Igbo-Etiti were white honey. Values for thermal heat conductivity and thermal heat diffusivity were 0.44 W m-1oC-1 and 3.51 m2s-1; 0.43 W m-1oC-1 and 3.84 m2s-1; 0.44 W m-1C-1 and 2.43 m2s-1; 0.44 W m-1oC-1 and 2.84 m2s-1; and 0.45 W m-1oC-1 and 2.69 m2s-1 for Igbo- Eze North, Udenu, Igbo-Eze South, Igbo-Etiti and Nsukka respectively. Honey is a promising food rich in essential minerals. Knowledge of its physicochemical and thermal properties is inevitable to facilitate its postharvest processing.Item Effect of modification on conventional preparation method for Sulphated Zirconia on the production of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester(The Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers, 2014-11) Eterigho, Elizabeth Jumoke; Farrow, T. S.Sulphated zirconia was synthesized using different volume of sulphating agent in order to optimise its catalytic property: (1) in the first case the "conventional" 15 ml H2SO4 to 1g of Zr(OH)4 for impregnation was used in wet-precipitation method and the catalyst designated 'wp' and (2) same procedure but with modification in volume of acid; 2 ml of H2SO4 was used for 1g of Zr(OH)4, 'mw'. The properties of the uncalcined and calcined catalysts were examined by various techniques: EDX, XPS, XRDP, Py-DRIFTS and BET nitrogen adsorption techniques. The sulphur content in the uncalcined ('mwp' and 'wp') catalysts was the s a m e ; 0.07 mol each whereas the calcined catalysts were 0.07 mol and 0.05 mol for 'mwp' and 'wp' respectively. BET surface area was determined to be 65.0 m2/g for wp and 101m2/g for 'mwp'. The effect of the variation of sulphating ageni on the catalyst activity was investigated in catalytic cracking of triglycerides for fatty acid methyl esters. Sulphated zirconia from the modified conventional method was found to perform better than the conventional wet-precipitated sulphated zirconia. Furthermore, 'mwp' retained approximately 74% of its sulphur content after 3 h reaction whereas 'wp' catalysi lost 100% during the reaction as indicated by SEM-EDX. Interesting the results show variation in characterization and in their selectivity to different types of fatty acid methyl esters under the same reaction conditions. The 'mp' catalysi showed higher catalytic activity for methy! ester yield of 40% as well as higher selectivity for saturated methyl estersItem Effect of Steel Fibre Reinforcement on the compressive strength of Natural Aggregate Concrete(Proceedings of the Nigerian Society of Engineers 2023 National Engineering Conference, Exhibition and Annual General Meeting, 2023-01-03) Malachi, G.; Kolo, D. N.; Abbass, B. A.Item EFFECTS OF OXIDIZED SUCROSE CROSS-LINKED CASSAVA STARCH FILM ON THE PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES OF PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS(The Nigerian Institution of Mechanical Engineers (A Division of Nigerian Society of Engineers), 2021-09) J. Y. Jiya; J. S. Enaburekhan; M. T. Jimoh; E. C. Egwim; I. A. JosephDespite rapid progress in the perovskite solar cell efficiency, there have been concerns about issues which could affect the measurement accuracy and/or practical applications of these devices, amongst which are stability, scaling up (large area devices), and possible environmental effects related to the use of lead-based active material. Based on the findings from previous studies, an optimized biodegradable oxidized sucrose cross-linked cassava starch film layer with zirconium oxide is introduced as a desiccant and buffer against damp heat and thermal recycling. This modified photovoltaic device is capable of resisting ingress of moisture at elevated temperatures, withstanding temperature cycling without delamination, and as such, enables efficient and stable operation. The layers in the PSC were modified by replacing the conventional metallic counter electrode with a low-cost carbon counter electrode. The PSC device with the control architecture underwent a more rapid degradation, particularly within the first 288 hours though with a higher PCE than the modified device. However, in contrast, the PSC device with the buffer layer only degraded a small amount. The best device maintained 95% of its initial efficiency after exposure for 550 hours.Item Effects of Waste Glass Powder and Cassava Peel Ash on Compressive Strength of Concrete(Proceedings of the Third International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC, 2024), 2025) Ndaiji, A. U.; Abdullahi, M.; Abbas, B. A.; Abubakar, MahmudThis study investigates the effects of incorporating glass waste powder (GWP) and cassava peel ash (CPA) as partial replacements for cement on the compressive strength of concrete. A total of 294 concrete cubes were prepared with varying proportions of GWP and CPA (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% replacement levels). Both materials were characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analytical method. The slump of fresh concrete with WGP and CPA of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% respectively by weight of cement was investigated in accordance with standard procedures. The results show that the compressive strength of concrete increased with the addition of GWP and CPA up to a certain replacement level. The 28 days compressive strength of concrete with 15% WGP/CPA content was 16.4 % more than normal, while that of concrete with 20% WGP/CPA content was 11.9 % less than normal. The optimal replacement levels for GWP and CPA were found to be 15% and 5%, respectively. The study concludes that the use of GWP and CPA as partial replacements for cement can improve it compressive strength, it sustainability and reduce the environmental impact of concrete production. The results of slump tests of different percentages of CPA/GWP as a partial replacement of cement in concrete production were observed for all proportion ranging between 12 – 41mm. However, 20% GWP/CPA replacement was considered as optimum for structural concrete.Item Electrochemical evaluation of different polymer binders for the production of carbon-modified stainless-steel electrodes for sustainable power generation using a soil microbial fuel cell.(Chemical Engineering Journal Advances-Elsevier, 2022-01-11) Simeon, Meshack Imologie; Herkendell, Katharina; Pant, Deepak; Freitag, RuthIn this study, four different polymeric binders - polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), two-component epoxy (epoxy), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) - were used to fabricate a surface-modified stainless-steel electrode. The polymeric binders were used to bond highly conductive carbon-black to a stainless-steel support using a simple fabrication method. The electrodes' performance in sustainable power generation was tested in a soil microbial fuel cell (SMFC). PTFE showed the fastest and best initial response in no-load operation, reaching a voltage of 370 mV after 7 days, compared to epoxy, PVA, and PVDF, which had 163, 151.7, and -26.7 mV, respectively. Electrochemical measurements showed that epoxy and PVDF have similar redox potentials when operated as anode and cathode in an SMFC. Evaluation of the long-term performance of the binders showed that epoxy gave 2.2-, 3.4-, and 4.9-fold higher performance than PVDF, PTFE, and PVA, respectively, under intermittent polarization. Although PVDF did not perform well in open circuits, it produced the highest current density in continuous operation with external loads. The most sustained performance was obtained with epoxy. This study has shown that epoxy can be a suitable and eco-friendly substitute for other binders using a simple fabrication method to produce high-performance anodes and cathodes for sustainable bioelectricity generation with a SMFC.Item Environmental Effects of Road Construction Waste(. USEP: Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, 2023-02-12) Kolo, S. S.; Abdulrahman, H. S.; Kolo, D. N.; Shehu, M.; Adamu, H. N.,; Eze, F. E.This research work investigates the various waste streams generated during road construction and their effect on environment. The method employed in this research work is categorized into waste type generated on construction site using reconnaissance surveys, data collection and data analysis methods. Four construction project sites in Minna, Nigeria, were used with the aim that these sites will provide a platform to acquire valuable data. It was discovered that mortar or concrete waste and wood waste has the highest percentage of 22% to 39% and asphalt has about 4 % waste and this was largest percentage of waste generated and this was mainly due to the human error, the use of inadequately trained and unskilled labour. The study however made case for adequate attention and concentration towards improving effective waste management by implementing proper waste management and disposal systems and encouraging the use of recycled materials in road construction. This will greatly reduce the cost of construction, increase efficiency, reduce work time and replenish the earths rapidly depleting natural resources used in construction like wood and bitumen.