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Item Statistical Model for Predicting Slump and Strength of Concrete Containing Date Seeds(Covenant Journal of Engineering Technology (CJET), 2021-06-10) YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Jamal, J. O.; Abubakar, M.; Aminulai, H. O.Incorporating agro-based waste in concrete can reduce environmental pollution and lead to preserving the ecosystem. In order to reduce trial and error in achieving desired slump and compressive strength of concrete containing Date Seed (DS), this paper examines the slump and compressive strength of concrete using date seeds as a partial replacement for crushed granite. Preliminary tests were conducted on the aggregates to ascertain their suitability for concrete production. Concrete with DS-crushed granite ratios of 0:100, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, and 20:80 were prepared using a mix ratio of 1:2:4 and a water-cement ratio of 0.5. Slump loss was used to estimate the workability of the fresh concrete. The freshly prepared concrete was cast in 150 x 150 x 150 mm and the compressive strength was determined after curing by full immersion in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Results showed that the slump of concrete increased with an increase in the content of date seed. The compressive strength was inversely proportional to the date seed content with a DS crushed granite ratio of 20:80 recording the lowest compressive strength (20N/mm2). Linear regression models for slump and compressive strength were developed and found to be sufficient in explaining the experimental data based on a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.37 and 0.029 and R2 of 88% and 99% obtained for slump and compressive strength respectively. The study has concluded that DS can be used as a partial replacement for crushed granite in concrete and a linear model is sufficient in predicting the slump and strength of concrete containing date seeds.Item Mechanical Properties of Concrete using Bida Natural Aggregate as Coarse Aggregates(Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, 2020-10-10) YUSUF, Abdulazeez; M. Abdullahi; S. Sadiku; J. I. AguwaSignificant volume of concrete is occupied by aggregates. Most of these are obtained from rock fragment which depletes natural resources and thereby distorting the ecosystem. The use of alternative aggregate has the potential of reducing this menace. This paper investigates the slump and strength properties of concrete made by varying Bida Natural Aggregate to total aggregate ratio (BNA/TA). Nine different mixes were prepared for three Water to Cement (W/C) ratios and three BNA/TA ratios while Total Aggregate to Cement ratio (TA/C) was kept constant. Properties of the aggregates were determined and found to be satisfactory for concrete production. Three 150x150x150 mm concrete cubes, three 100x100x500 mm concrete prisms and three 100x200 mm concrete cylinders were produced for W/C of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 and BNA/TA of 0.55, 0.6 and 0.65. The compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of the specimens were determined at 28 days curing duration. Test results indicates that the higher the BNA /TA content, the lower the slump of concrete. A combination of BNA/TA of 0.55, W/C of 0.4 and TA/C ratio of 3 gave maximum compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength of 44.30 N/mm2, 7.60 N/mm2 and 3.42 N/mm2 respectively. It was concluded that BNA can be used in place of crushed granite in concrete production.Item Stabilization characteristics of cemented lateritic soil produced with selected cement types(Elsevier, 2025-01-10) A.A. Amadi; S.S. Kolo; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; F.E. Eze; U. SalihIt is recognized that different cements have different properties and stabilization effectiveness for different ap plications. The challenge of using the right type of cement should be a concern for practitioners in civil engi neering construction. In this study, an experimental testing programme was conducted to evaluate and compare the stabilizing effects of CEM I 42.5 N, CEM II/B-L 42.5 N and CEM III/A 42.5 N types of cement on some physical and mechanical properties of lateritic soil. Laboratory tests performed on soil mixtures containing the selected cements added to constitute 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 % of the dry weight of the composite materials include the con sistency and compaction tests determined on the basis of fresh mixtures. In addition, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test on specimens compacted at optimum moisture conditions with the British Standard Light (BSL) compaction effort and cured for 7, 28 and 90 days was performed. In equal proportions, soil mixtures prepared with the different types of cements yielded comparable results in terms of reducing the plasticity index (PI) from values as high as 60 % in untreated state to 5.05 %, 7.05 % and 8.2 % respectively for CEM I, CEM II and CEM III at 12 % cement content. Addition of cement also increased both the maximum dry unit weight (γ dmax ) and optimummoisture content (OMC) of the soil with CEM I cement having the greatest effect while CEM III cement affected the γ dmax γ dmax 3 =1.95 kN/m of the soil the least. For example, when compacted with BSH effort, CEM I achieved 3 and OMC =25 %,while for CEM III, γ γ dmax 3 of 1.53 kN/m dmax =1.63 kN/m and OMC =22.6 % compared to and OMC of 21.1 % for the untreated soil. Regardless of the cement type, there was an overall improvement in the strength properties of the lateritic soil represented by a range of 11– 14 times for UCS and31-62folds for E 50 at 12 %cementafter 90 days curing duration in comparison with the untreated soil. While strength gain was higher in CEM I based mixtures at early (7 day) age (1635.44, 1622.85 and 1599.55 kN/ m2 for CEM I, CEM II and CEM III respectively at 12 % cement content), CEM III provided superior strength improvement at the long term (90 day) curing period (2566.25 compared to 2444.58 and 2465.77 kN/m α 2 respectively for CEM I and CEM II at 12 % cement content). Using the variance analysis (ANOVA) at a signifi cance level ( ) of 0.05, the influence of cement type was statistically confirmed for the liquid limit, optimum moisture content and UCS at 28 and 90 days curing ages.Item Strength Properties of Concrete Using Terrazzo Waste as Partial Replacement for Cement(Epistemics in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2020-04-10) YUSUF, Abdulazeez; H. O. Aminulai; B. E. MfonCement is regarded as the most expensive concrete ingredient. Reducing the quantity of cement used in concrete with Terrazzo Waste (TW), will reduce the cost of concrete and solve disposal and environmental challenges posed by TW. The effect of partial replacement of cement with TW in concrete was studied. The specific gravity, sieve analysis, water absorption, bulk density and moisture content tests were carried out on the aggregates. A terrazzo waste replacement of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by weight of cement was used to cast 150 x 150 x 150 mm concrete cubes as well as 500 x 100 x 100 mm concrete prisms. A mix ratio of 1:1.8:2.51 designed for an M30 concrete with water-cement ratio of 0.50 was used for all mixes. The weight of concrete increased with corresponding increase in the content of TW. Compressive and flexural strength tests were conducted on thirty-six (36) cubes and thirty-six (36) prisms after curing by full immersion for 7 and 28 days. The values of compressive strength ranged between 19.88 N/mm² to 37.63 N/m² while the flexural strength obtained range between 3.12 N/mm² and 4.52 N/mm² at 28days of curing. Different percentage replacement of TW satisfied different concrete grade requirement for structural design except for 50% replacement which recorded compressive strength of 19.88 N/mm². An optimum replacement level of %10 was recorded and the concrete is applicable for structural elements in buildings. Second order polynomial equations were developed for predicting compressive and flexural strength of concrete containing TW. Terrazzo waste was therefore recommended for use as a partial replacement for cement in concrete production.Item POTENTIALS OF DEKINA CASSAVA PEEL ASH IN CONCRETE PRODUCTION(3RD INTERNATIONAL CIVIL ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2024-02-28) Ismail, S. P; Kolo, D. N; YUSUF, AbdulazeezBasic conventional building materials like cement and aggregates are becoming increasingly expensive due to high cost incurred in their processes, production and transportation. The utilization of locally available materials such as cassava peel ash that can either reduce or replace the conventional ones is being considered. Following review paper summarizes the mechanical and durability characteristics of cassava peel ash compared with ordinary Portland cement. The cassava peel ash was obtained by calcinations of cassava peel to 7000 c temperature. The sample was investigated using XRS-FP Analysis, for evaluating the concentration of each component such as SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, K2O Na2O, LoI, the phase composition, mechanical and durability properties evolution. From this review is obvious that significant analytical techniques have been successfully carried out and a significant concentration of 81.14% was obtained. These analyses have shown that natural pozzolan based geopolymer has potential to be used as sustainable building materials. It was discovered that the cassava peel ash contains all the main chemical constituents of cement though in lower percentage compared with OPC which shows that it can serve as a suitable replacement if the right percentage is used. However, its durability and sulphuric acid resistance improved considerably at greater replacement of cement with cassava peel ash. The study recommends that concrete made with cassava peel ash can be used for light construction works where high strength is not major requirement but where durability is a major concern.Item OPTIMIZATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF PERIWINKLE SHELL CONCRETE USING SCHEFFE’S MODEL(3RD INTERNATIONAL CIVIL ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2025-02-28) Ibrahim A; Abbas., B.A; YUSUF, AbdulazeezThis study investigates the application of scheffe’s model in compressive strength optimization of periwinkle shell-coarse aggregate (PSCA) concrete. Physical properties of the aggregates such as specific gravity, bulk density, sieve analysis and workability of concrete were determined. Specific gravities of fine and coarse aggregates were 2.62 and 2.68 respectively, Moisture content for aggregate for fine and coarse aggregate were 7.08 and 3.03 respectively. The bulk densities were 1612.82kg/m3 and 1394.64kg/m3 respectively. From the sieve analysis test, the sand belonged to zone 2 and well graded with coefficient of gradation of 1.04. Ninety 150mm x150mm x 150mm cube specimens were produced for the compressive strength test. Model was fitted to data obtained on the compressive strength and mathematical model was developed based on Scheffe’s model. The formulated model was tested for adequacy at 95% level of confidence using t-statistic. The compressive strength of concrete was observed to decrease with increase in the percentage replacement of periwinkle shells (PS). The reduced value of the compressive strength may be due to lower specific gravity, water absorption capacity value of periwinkle shell compared to that of crushed granite. The blending of the two materials caused a reduction in strength value of the end product since specific gravity is strength related. The reduced compressive strength value may also be due to the fact that periwinkle shell has fewer binding properties compared to crushed granite. After 28 days of water curing, the concrete gave an average optimum compressive strength value of 25.78N/mm2 corresponding to a mix proportion of 1, 0.1, 1, 1.9 (cement, periwinkle shell, sand, granite) at a water-cement ratio of 0.4. This compressive strength value obtained at 5% replacement is within the recommended value required for plain concrete works, lean concrete, simple foundations, masonry walls and other simple construction works in low- cost housing constructionsItem Development of a Smartphone Application for Classifying Soils Based on AASHTO Classification System(2nd International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC 2020), 2020-10-15) Chukwuemeka, I. V.; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Ezekiel, Z.Engineering soils are classified using charts and tables so as to have first-hand knowledge of their engineering properties. Majority of the mobile application used to classify soils are based on the USCS, USDA and ASTM system. Thus, this research is focused on the development of a mobile application for classifying soils based on AASHTO classification system. The mobile application was written in Java programming language using the android studio environment. Two cases of Liquid Limit (LL), Plasticity Index (PL) and percentage of soil passing sieve number 200 used to validate the mobile application was 39.45%, 26.52. and 38 % as well as 19%, 19%, and 35% termed case I and II respectively. Results obtained using AASHTO classification charts were the same as that obtained using the mobile application developed. The mobile application classified case I as A-6 soil consisting of clayey particles with a poor rating while case II was classified as A-2-4 silty or clayey gravel having a good rating. The study concluded that the mobile application can be used to classify soils based on the AASHTO classification system to save time.Item MODAL ANALYSIS OF BARIKIN SALEH BRIDGE DECK USING FINITE ELEMENT SOFTWARE SIMULATION METHOD(3RD INTERNATIONAL CIVIL ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (ICEC, 2024), 2025-02-28) O.O. Rasaq; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; D.N. Kolo; H.S. AbdulrahmanThe increase in traffic along Barikin Saleh area of Minna Niger State calls for the analysis of the bridge deck due to the increasing and fluctuating traffic volume. In this paper, the modal analysis of the Barikin Saleh bridge deck based on finite element software simulation method was studied. The simulation was carried out to determine natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of the bridge deck using ANSYS workbench software. The parameters of the bridge used in the simulation were Length,16m; Width, 10.75m; Second moment of inertia I, 4.16m4; Area A, .56m2; Young’s modulus E, 35300MPa; Density p, 2600 kg/m3, and Concrete Grade G, 50MPa. Based on the simulation output, the bridge exhibited six (6) clear mode shapes and corresponding natural frequencies of 20.299Hz,20.436Hz, 22.875Hz, 25.087Hz, 30.003Hz, and 35.205Hz. The highest natural frequency for the bridge was 35.205Hz, at the bridge deck mid-span. The implication of this is that the lifespan of the bridge might be reduced due to fatigue damage that can occur as a result of repeated loading and unloading of the bridge deck at this frequency. The findings from this study provide valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of Barikin Saleh bridge deck, which can be useful for its maintenance, repair and retrofitting.Item Effect of Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Crumb Rubber in Concrete Made with Bida Gravel(4th International Engineering Conference (IEC 2022), 2023-10-22) Mohammed T. A.; Abbas B. A; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Oritola S. F.The availability of sand at cheap rates for use as fine aggregate in concrete production is ever becoming unfeasible and this, in addition to environmental sustainability, places a huge need to search for an alternative source of fine aggregate materials. Crumb rubber made from waste automobile tires, can be used to complement sand as fine aggregate in concrete production. This study seeks to investigate the effect of partially replacing fine aggregate with crumb rubber in concrete made with Bida natural stones. Crumb rubber gotten from waste automobile tires was used to replace fine aggregate in the concrete at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The particle size distribution, workability, and compressive strength of these concrete specimens were extensively studied. Curing was done for the period of 7, 14, and 21 days. A mix ratio of 1: 1.65: 2.42 was used for cement content, fine aggregates, and Bida natural stones, respectively, at a water-to-cement ratio of 0.45. Results from the workability test performed showed that a higher percentage replacement of crumb rubber gives a corresponding decrease in the workability of the concrete. In addition, the results obtained from each concrete mix for all cases of curing ages revealed that flexural and compressive strengths decrease with an increasing percentage replacement of crumb rubber in the concrete mix. The flexural strength of the concrete mix was observed to be 6.08N/mm2 at 5% crumb rubber replacement. While at 25% crumb rubber replacement, a flexural strength of 3.08N/mm2 was observed. Similarly, the compressive strength of the concrete mix at 5% crumb rubber replacement was noticed to be 20.88N/mm2 and 11.89N/mm2 at 25% crumb rubber replacement. This implies that concrete made using crumb rubber as a partial replacement for fine aggregate can be used for structural applications such as in the construction of reinforced concrete slabs, beams, columns, and foundations where high strength is not required.Item APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR PREDICTING THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE USING NATURAL AGGREGATE(2nd Annual Seminar of The Nigerian Society of Engineers Bida Branch:, 2023-10-05) Okafor A.; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Abbas B. A.; Kolo D. N.; Adelasoye J.This seminar presentation explored the application of various artificial intelligence techniques such as Artificial Neural network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) for predicting the compressive strength of concrete using natural aggregates. Twenty-seven different experimental data points which was augmented to 180 data points was used in the study. The ANN, ANFIS and MLR models were developed, trained, tested and validated with the augmented data using MATLAB software. Statistical evaluators like the R2, MSE and the RMSE was used to evaluate the algorithm with the strongest predictive capability. The results obtained from the analysis revealed distinct performance variations among the three AI models studied. Both the ANN and ANFIS models consistently demonstrated superior predictive capabilities compared to the MLR model. The ANN gave R2 of 1, MSE of 8.66e-26 and RMSE 2.94e-13, the ANFIS gave R2 values of 1, MSE of 0.00033 and RMSE of 0.0183 while the MLR reported R2 values of 0.1243, MSE of 85.93 and RMSE of 9.27. The ANN model was adjudged to be the best prediction model for concrete containing natural aggregate based on the performance metrics.